--- /dev/null
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% JINST.cls 1.0.1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%
+%% This file is Copyright JINST 2006: it can be freely distributed but
+%% NOT modified preserving its name, even in similar forms.
+%%
+%% JINST.cls is a LaTeX2e class file used to typeset manuscripts in
+%% Journal of Instrumentation (http://jinst.sissa.it) style. It was
+%% written by P. Dall'Aglio as a modification of the class JHEP3.cls
+%%
+%% JINST.cls is only for internal use of the JINST typesetting office.
+%%
+%% For bugs, comments, suggestions email to jinst-eo@jhep.sissa.it
+%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
+\ProvidesClass{JINST} [2006/07/11 v1.0.1 LaTeX document class - P.D.]
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\logo{\raisebox{-10.5\p@}{\hb@xt@85\p@{\includegraphics{JINSTlogo}\hfil}}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% NEW SWITCHES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif\if@preprint\@preprinttrue % DEFAULT IS PREPRINT!
+\newif\if@draft \@draftfalse % DEFAULT IS NOT DRAFT
+\newif\if@hyper \@hypertrue % DEFAULT IS HYPER
+\newif\if@proc \@procfalse % DEFAULT IS NOT PROC
+
+\newif\if@author\@authorfalse %
+\newif\if@abstract\@abstractfalse % FOR FRONTMATTER DECLARATIONS
+\newif\if@keywords\@keywordsfalse %
+\newif\if@todotoc\@todotocfalse %
+\newif\if@rece\@recefalse %
+\newif\if@revi\@revifalse %
+\newif\if@acce\@accefalse %
+\newif\if@publi\@publifalse %
+\newif\if@Jcopy\@Jcopyfalse %
+\newif\if@conf\@conffalse %
+\newif\if@Jspecialurl\@Jspecialurlfalse
+\newif\if@Jcits\@Jcitsfalse
+\newif\ifpdf
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
+\else
+ \ifx\pdfoutput\relax
+ \else
+ \ifcase\pdfoutput
+ \else
+ \pdftrue
+ \fi
+ \fi
+\fi
+
+
+\if@compatibility
+ \setlength\paperheight {297mm}% % DEFAULT FOR LATEX209 IS a4
+ \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}%
+\else % CHOSE PAPER:
+\DeclareOption{a4paper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {210mm}}
+\DeclareOption{a5paper}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED a5
+\DeclareOption{b5paper}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED b5
+\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
+\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {8.5in}}
+\DeclareOption{executivepaper}
+ {\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
+ \setlength\paperwidth {7.25in}}
+\DeclareOption{landscape}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED landscape
+\fi
+
+\newcommand\@ptsize{1} % DEFAULT SIZE IS 11 PT
+
+\DeclareOption{published}{%
+\ifpdf
+%\JINST@warnl{Option 'published' incompatible with
+%pdf output, turning to dvi output}\pdffalse\pdfoutput=0
+\@preprintfalse
+\else
+\@preprintfalse%
+\fi}
+\DeclareOption{nocits}{\if@preprint\@OImess{ is default for preprints}\else
+ \@Jcitsfalse
+ \fi}
+
+\DeclareOption{cits}{%\if@preprint
+ \@Jcitstrue %\else
+ %\@OImess{ is automatic for published papers}\fi
+ }
+
+\DeclareOption{hyper}{\@hypertrue} % HYPER IS 11 PT
+\DeclareOption{nohyper}{\@hyperfalse} % PAPER IS ALSO 11 PT (v1.3)
+\DeclareOption{paper}{\@hyperfalse} % PAPER IS ALSO 11 PT
+\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}\ExecuteOptions{@FONT}}
+\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}\ExecuteOptions{@FONT}}
+\if@compatibility\else % LATEX2.09 HAS NO 10PT
+\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}\ExecuteOptions{@FONT}}% v1.4
+\fi % CHOSEN TO FREE MEMORY LATER:
+\DeclareOption{@FONT}{\if@preprint % IF PREPRINT ALLOW ANY,
+ \else % IF PUBLISHED:
+ \renewcommand\@ptsize{1}\@NFmess{11pt}% ALWAYS 11PT
+ \fi
+ }
+
+\if@compatibility\else
+\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}\fi
+\DeclareOption{twoside}{\if@preprint\if@hyper\@OImess{ in hyper-mode}
+ \else\@twosidetrue\@mparswitchtrue\fi
+ \else % FOR PUBLISHED
+ \@OImess{ in published papers}
+ \fi}
+\DeclareOption{notoc}{\if@preprint % to disable TOC
+ \AtBeginDocument{\@todotocfalse}
+ \else
+ \@OImess{ in JINST papers}
+ \fi}
+\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}% EXTENDED DRAFT
+ \newcount\hour\newcount\minute
+ \hour=\time \divide\hour by60 \minute=\time
+ {\multiply\hour by60 \global\advance\minute by-\hour}
+ \edef\militarytime{\number\hour:\ifnum\minute<10 0\fi\number\minute}
+ \let\old@eqnnum\@eqnnum
+ \def\@eqnnum{\old@eqnnum\rlap{\kern\marginparsep
+ \if@twocolumn\if@firstcolumn
+ \kern-2\marginparsep\kern-\columnwidth\
+ \llap\bgroup\else\bgroup\fi
+ \else
+ \if@twoside\ifodd\c@page
+ \kern-2\marginparsep\kern-\textwidth
+ \llap\bgroup\else\bgroup\fi
+ \else\bgroup\fi
+ \fi
+ \sf\scriptsize\@eqnlabel\egroup}%
+ \gdef\@eqnlabel{}}
+ \let\@eqnlabel\relax
+ \def\math@note#1{\gdef\@eqnlabel{LAB: #1}}
+ \def\norm@note#1#2{\special{}% SORRY AGAIN.
+ \ifinner{\ifdim\baselineskip=\z@% IN ARRAY..
+ \baselineskip18\p@\fi%%
+ \ifhmode% ATTENTION TO RESTRICTED VMODE!
+ \raisebox{.5\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{%
+ \rlap{\sf\scriptsize #2}}%
+ \else\vskip-\baselineskip%
+ \raisebox{-.6\baselineskip}[\z@][\z@]{%
+ \rlap{\sf\scriptsize #2}}%
+ \fi}%
+ \else\marginpar{\raggedright\if@twoside\ifodd\c@page%
+ \raggedleft\fi\fi\sf\scriptsize #1#2}%
+ \fi}%
+ \AtBeginDocument{\newbox\drft@box\setbox\drft@box=\hbox{%
+ \framebox[\textwidth]{\sf\small JINST DRAFT
+ \ttfamily(\cur@opt)\hfill\sf\bfseries\jobname\sf,
+ \today, \militarytime}}}
+ \@drafttrue}
+
+\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED
+\if@compatibility\else
+\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED
+\fi
+\if@compatibility\else
+\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED
+\fi
+\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED
+\DeclareOption{leqno}{\@OImess{}} %\input{leqno.clo}} IGNORED ...
+\DeclareOption{fleqn}{\@OImess{}} %\input{fleqn.clo}} IGNORED ...
+\DeclareOption{openbib}{\@OImess{}} % IGNORED
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% MESSAGES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\JINST@mess[1]{\typeout{Class JINST Message: \protect#1.}}%
+\newcommand\JINST@warn[1]{\ClassWarning{JINST}{#1}}
+\newcommand\JINST@warnl[1]{\ClassWarningNoLine{JINST}{#1}}
+\newcommand\JINST@igno[1]{\JINST@warn{IGNORED \protect#1}}
+\newcommand\JINST@ignol[1]{\JINST@warnl{IGNORED \protect#1}}
+\newcommand\@OImess[1]{\JINST@ignol{OPTION '\CurrentOption'#1}}
+\newcommand\@NFmess[1]{\JINST@mess{Normalsize set to #1}}
+\newcommand\@ENVwarn[1]{\JINST@warn{Please use \protect#1 in place
+ of LaTeX environment}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PROCESS OPTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,oneside,hyper} %WERE ALSO 10pt,onecolumn
+\ProcessOptions
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% REQUIRED PACKAGES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\RequirePackage{amssymb}
+\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
+\RequirePackage{times}
+\RequirePackage{mathptmx}
+\ifpdf
+ \RequirePackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
+ \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.jpg,.jpeg}
+\else
+ \RequirePackage{graphicx}
+ \DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.ps,.eps,.pstex}
+\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TRICKS FOR DOTLESS J %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\j and \jmath are missing in font Times. So I use the ones from
+% Computer Modern. Works acceptably, but in sf
+\DeclareSymbolFont{forjmath}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}
+\DeclareMathSymbol{\Jmath}{\mathord}{forjmath}{'021}
+\def\jmath{\Jmath}
+\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{cmr}{}
+\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{cmss}{}
+\def\j{\ifmmode\Jmath\else{\fontencoding{OT1}\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont\char'021}\fi}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END DOTLESS J %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% START CODE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\input{size1\@ptsize.clo}
+\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.1}\normalsize
+\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\parindent{1.2\parindent} % AT 12pt 1.5em BECOMES 1.8em=tocindent
+\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
+\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus \p@}
+\@lowpenalty 51
+\@medpenalty 151
+\@highpenalty 301
+\widowpenalty 1000
+\clubpenalty 1000
+
+\setcounter{topnumber}{4}
+\renewcommand\topfraction{1} % default .7
+\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
+\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.6} %.2 % .6 ???***
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{5}
+\renewcommand\textfraction{0}
+\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{1}
+\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{3}
+\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.7}
+\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{1}
+
+\textwidth .72\paperwidth % WIDTH OF TEXT, REMAINS .28% FOR MARGINS
+%
+\setlength\@tempdima{.76\paperheight} % HEIGHT OF TEXT WITH FOOTNOTES
+\divide\@tempdima\baselineskip % EXCLUDING HEAD (AND FOOT)
+\@tempcnta=\@tempdima % rounded to integer (#lines-1)
+\setlength\textheight{\@tempcnta\baselineskip}
+\addtolength\textheight{\topskip}
+
+\voffset -1in
+\topmargin .05\paperheight % FROM TOP OF PAGE TO TOP OF HEADING (0=1inch)
+\headheight .02\paperheight % HEIGHT OF HEADING BOX.
+\headsep .03\paperheight % VERT. SPACE BETWEEN HEAD AND TEXT.
+\footskip .07\paperheight % FROM END OF TEX TO BASE OF FOOTER. (40pt)
+
+\marginparsep 9\p@ % HOR. SPACE BETWEEN TEXT AND MARGINAL NOTE
+\marginparpush 6\p@ % MIN. VERT. SPACE BETWEEN MARGINAL NOTES
+
+\hoffset -1in % TO ADJUST WITH PAPER:
+\if@twoside % IF TWO-SIDED:
+ \oddsidemargin .13\paperwidth % LEFT MARGIN FOR ODD PAGES (10)
+ \evensidemargin .15\paperwidth % LEFT MARGIN FOR EVEN PAGES (30)
+ \marginparwidth .10\paperwidth % TEXTWIDTH OF MARGINALNOTES
+ \reversemarginpar % BECAUSE OF TITLEPAGE.
+\else % IF ONE-SIDED:
+ \oddsidemargin .14\paperwidth % LEFT MARGIN FOR ODD PAGES (20)
+ \evensidemargin .14\paperwidth % LEFT MARGIN FOR EVEN PAGES (20)
+ \marginparwidth .11\paperwidth % TEXTWIDTH OF MARGINALNOTES
+\fi %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% HYPER (AND DRAFT) STUFF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\ifpdf
+ \input pdfcolor.tex
+\else
+\fi
+
+\bgroup\catcode`\#=12\gdef\hash{#}\egroup % DEFINED \hash=#.
+\def\H@tilde{\string~}
+\newcommand{\href}[2]{\rule{0pt}{0pt}\bgroup\let~\H@tilde
+ \if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \def\hash{}%
+ \pdfstartlink attr{/Border [1 1 1] /C [0 0 1]}
+ user{/Subtype /Link /A << /S /URI /URI (#1) >>}%
+ \pdfsetcolor{0 0 0 1}%
+ \else
+ \noexpand\special{html:<A href="#1">}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \rule{.2ex}{0pt}\rule[-.5ex]{0pt}{2.2ex}{#2}\rule[-.5ex]{0pt}{2.2ex}\rule{.1ex}{0pt}\egroup
+ \if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \Black\pdfendlink
+ \else
+ \special{html:</A>}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ }
+% \intPlink was added because in pdflatex you need two different commands
+% for internal and external links. For latex they are the same.
+\newcommand{\intJlink}[2]{\rule{0pt}{0pt}\bgroup\let~\H@tilde
+ \if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \def\hash{}%
+ \pdfstartlink attr{/Border [1 1 1] /C [0 0 1]}
+ goto name{#1}%
+ \pdfsetcolor{0 0 0 1}%
+ \else
+ \noexpand\special{html:<A href="#1">}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \rule[-.2ex]{0pt}{1.8ex}{#2}\rule[-.2ex]{0pt}{1.8ex}\egroup
+ \if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \Black\pdfendlink
+ \else
+ \special{html:</A>}%
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ }
+
+
+\newcommand{\name}[1]{{\if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \pdfdest name{#1} fith%
+ \else
+ \noexpand\special% NAME HAS NO TAGGED TEXT HERE.
+ {html:<A name="#1">}\special{html:</A>}%
+ \fi
+ \fi}%
+ }
+\newcommand{\base}[1]{\if@hyper\ifpdf
+ \relax\JINST@warn{Command base undefined for pdf output}
+ %\pdfdest baseurl{#1} fith%
+ \else
+ \bgroup\let~\H@tilde
+ \noexpand\special % BASE HAS NO TAGGED TEXT.
+ {html:<base href="#1">}\egroup
+ \fi\fi}
+%------------------------------------------------------------------%
+% SECTION TAGS and THEIR REFERENCE IN TOC \d@t will be '.' for sections only
+\if@hyper
+\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{\name{sec\csname the#1\endcsname}%
+ \csname the#1\endcsname\d@t\hspace{1ex}}
+\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{\hb@xt@\@tempdima{\intJlink
+ {\hash\hyp@typ#1}{#1}\d@t\hfil}}
+\else
+\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{\csname the#1\endcsname\d@t\hspace{1ex}}
+\renewcommand{\numberline}[1]{\hb@xt@\@tempdima{#1\d@t\hfil}}
+\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%% this is to obtain collapsing citations %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\if@Jcits % only if 'cits' option is chosen
+\newcount\@tempcntc
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{%
+ \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}%
+ \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do% for aech citation...
+ {\edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}% eat trailing space
+ \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi% write to aux
+ \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}% if label undefined..
+ {\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea% ... then ...
+ \def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }{\reset@font\bf ?}%
+ \G@refundefinedtrue\@latex@warning%
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname % ... else
+ b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
+ \advance\@tempcntb\@ne%
+ \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc%
+ \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo%
+ \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc
+ \fi%
+ }%
+ }\@citeo}{#1}%
+ \if@draft\norm@note{CIT: }{#2}\fi % **DRAFT**
+ }% end definition of \@citex
+%This really prints out the cit-numbers
+\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb%
+ \else\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb%
+ \intJlink{\hash bib\the\@tempcnta}{\the\@tempcnta}% if there is no range
+ \else{\advance\@tempcnta\@ne% % if there is a range
+ \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb%
+ \else\def\@citea{\,--\,}%
+ \fi%
+ \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne%
+ \intJlink{\hash bib\the\@tempcnta}{\the\@tempcnta}\@citea%first
+ \intJlink{\hash bib\the\@tempcntb}{\the\@tempcntb}}%last
+ \fi%
+ \fi}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% until here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%------------------------------------------------------------------%
+% CITATION TAGS ARE TOGETHER WITH BIB STUFF.
+% CITATION HREF
+\else % w.r.t. \if@Jcits above
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{% % UNFORTUNATELY REDEFINED!!!!
+ \let\@citea\@empty
+ \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+ {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
+ \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
+ \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi
+ \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{\mbox{\reset@font\bf ?}%
+ \G@refundefinedtrue
+ \@latex@warning
+ {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+ {\edef\tmp@bn{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
+ \hbox{\intJlink{\hash bib\tmp@bn}{\tmp@bn}}}}}{#1}% % **HYPER**
+ \if@draft\norm@note{CIT: }{#2}\fi % **DRAFT**
+ }
+\fi % w.r.t. \if@Jcits above
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------%
+% LABEL, REF AND PAGEREF, TEXTREF, ~ COMPATIBLE:
+\let\old@label\label % OLD LATEX COMMAND.
+\def\label{\bgroup\catcode`\>=15\catcode`\"=15 \catcode`\==15\@@label}
+\newcommand{\@@label}[1]{\egroup\name{ref-#1}% % LABEL IN HYPER TAG.
+ \old@label{#1}% %
+ \if@draft% % DRAFT:
+ \ifmmode\math@note{#1}%
+ \else\norm@note{}{LAB: #1}\fi%
+ \fi%
+ }
+\if@hyper
+\let\old@ref\ref \let\old@pageref\pageref % OLD LATEX COMMANDS.
+\renewcommand{\ref}[1]{\@ifundefined{r@#1}{}{\intJlink{\hash ref-#1}}%
+ {\old@ref{#1}}} % LABEL INSIDE HREF.
+\renewcommand{\pageref}[1]{\@ifundefined{r@#1}{}{% % UNDEFINED => NO HREF
+ \edef\tmp@ref{\noexpand\@secondoftwo\csname r@#1\endcsname}%
+ \intJlink{\hash pag\tmp@ref}}{\old@pageref{#1}}}
+\fi
+\newcommand{\textref}[2]{\@ifundefined{r@#1}
+ {%
+ \protect\G@refundefinedtrue
+ \nfss@text{\reset@font\bf ?#2?}%
+ \@latex@warning{Reference `#1' on page \thepage \space
+ undefined}}
+ {\vrule height \z@ width \z@\intJlink{\hash ref-#1}{#2}}}
+%------------------------------------------------------------------%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% END HYPER-STUFF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% JINST HEADINGS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\ps@JINST{%
+ \def\@oddfoot{\ifnum\thepage=0\if@preprint\else
+ \Jcopyright@box\fi\hfill % copyright only on front page of published papers
+ \if@Jspecialurl\copy\Jspecial@url\else\if@preprint\else\copy\Jpaper@url\fi\fi %possible url
+ \else\reset@font\hfil-- \thepage\ --\hfil\fi} % page numbers on other pages
+ \if@draft\edef\cur@opt{\@curroptions}\fi
+ \def\@oddhead{\name{pag\thepage}\hfil\if@draft\copy\drft@box\fi}
+ \if@twoside\let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot\fi
+ \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
+ \let\sectionmark\@gobble
+ \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
+ }
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TITLE PAGE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\maketitle{\JINST@ignol{\maketitle}}
+\newcommand\auto@maketitle{\begingroup
+ \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+ \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
+ \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
+ \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
+ \let\footnote\thanks%
+ \newpage %
+ \@maketitle % CALL ACTUAL FORMATTING
+ \@thanks % TITLE THANKS
+ \thispagestyle{JINST}
+ \setcounter{page}\z@
+ \newpage % FINE PAGINA
+ \endgroup
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+ \if@todotoc % IF THERE IS A SECTION
+ \noindent\rule\textwidth{.1pt} % THEN MAKE TOC...
+ \vskip 2em \@plus 3ex \@minus 3ex
+ \tableofcontents
+ \vskip 2em \@plus 3ex \@minus 3ex
+ \noindent\rule\textwidth{.1pt}
+ \vskip 2em \@plus 3ex \@minus 3ex
+ \fi
+ \if@preprint\else
+ \gdef\tableofcontents{\JINST@igno{\tableofcontents\space is automatic}}
+ \fi
+ \global\let\thanks\@gobble
+ \global\let\@maketitle\relax %
+ \global\let\@thanks\@empty %
+ \global\let\@author\@empty % KILL ALL
+ \global\let\@date\@empty %
+ \global\let\@title\@empty %
+ \global\let\@abstract\@empty %
+ \global\let\title\relax %
+ \global\let\author\relax %
+ \global\let\date\relax %
+ \global\let\and\relax %
+ \global\let\email\@gobble
+ \global\let\received\relax
+ \global\let\revised\relax
+ \global\let\accepted\relax
+ \global\let\published\relax
+ \global\let\JINSTcopydate\relax
+ \global\let\Jspecialurl\relax
+ \global\let\keywords\relax
+ \global\let\endkeywords\relax
+}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ACTUAL TITLEPAGE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newskip\titlesk@ja % Skips for titlepage
+\newskip\titlesk@jb %
+\newskip\titlesk@jc %
+\titlesk@ja= 1.6em plus .4fil% % Before title
+\titlesk@jb= 2em plus .06fil minus .5ex% % Between title/rule
+\titlesk@jc= 2em plus .05fil minus 1.2ex% % Before authors
+
+\def\@maketitle{% % PAGE IS FLUSHED LEFT
+\begin{flushleft}% % PAY ATTENTION TO \par'S
+% page with queries for authors in proof
+\if@Jqueries
+ \setcounter{page}{0}
+\noindent{\let\thanks\@gobble\let\footnote\@gobble%
+ \large\sffamily\@title\par} % title
+\vskip.4\titlesk@jb
+\noindent{\Large\sffamily\bfseries\queriesname\hfill\par} % queriesname
+\vskip.7\titlesk@jb
+ \hrule height 1\p@% otherwise = 1.5pt. % rule
+\vskip.7\titlesk@jb
+{\noindent\footnotesize Please reply to the following queries using
+the appropriate tool ``{\sc send proofs}'' at the bottom of the
+preprint page on \href{http://jinst.sissa.it}{\tt http://jinst.sissa.it}}
+\vskip\titlesk@jc
+\Jqueries@auth % queries
+ \newpage
+ \setcounter{page}{0}
+\fi
+%header for preprints
+\if@preprint %%% PREPRINT HEADER:
+ \vskip-7em %
+ \underline{\tiny Preprint typeset %
+ in JINST style - %
+ \if@hyper{HYPER VERSION} %
+ \else{PAPER VERSION}\fi } %
+ \normalsize\hfill% %
+ \begin{tabular}[t]{r}\@preprint\end{tabular}% % PREPRINT NUMBERS
+\else %
+% header for published papers
+ \vskip-7em\hfill
+ {\small\scshape Published by Institute of Physics
+ Publishing and SISSA}
+ \vskip-1.35\baselineskip\logo\hrulefill
+ \vskip-1.5\baselineskip\hskip21.73\p@%
+ \hfill{\parbox[t]{30em}{\begin{flushright}\setlength\baselineskip{11pt}\footnotesize
+ \Jrece@cs\\
+ \if@revi\Jrevi@cs\\\fi
+ \Jacce@cs\\
+ \Jpubli@cs
+ \end{flushright}}}%
+\fi\null
+% end headers
+\vskip \titlesk@ja % vspace before title
+% TITLE large sans-serif bf
+{\LARGE \sffamily\bfseries\@title\par}
+%
+\vskip \titlesk@jb % vspace between title and rule
+% RULE
+\hrule height 1.5\p@%
+%
+\vskip \titlesk@jb % vspace between rule and authors
+% AUTHORS\\ADDRESSES
+\vskip-\auth@skip
+{\normalsize \bfseries \sffamily \@author \par}
+%
+\vskip \titlesk@jc % vspace between authors and abstract
+% ABSTRACT
+\parbox\textwidth{\abstract@cs}%
+\normalsize % why reset size?
+% KEYWORDS IF PRESENT
+\if@keywords
+\vskip .9\titlesk@jc % vspace between abstract and keywords
+\par
+\@keywords
+\fi
+% DEDICATION, IF PRESENT
+\dedic@box
+\end{flushleft}% % FINISHED.
+}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% STANDARD STUFF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
+\newcounter {part}
+\newcounter {section}
+\newcounter {subsection}[section]
+\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
+\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
+\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
+\renewcommand\thepart {\@Roman\c@part}
+\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
+\renewcommand\theparagraph {\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
+\renewcommand\thesubparagraph {\theparagraph.\@arabic\c@subparagraph}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SECTION FORMATS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\secstyle{\bfseries}
+\def\ts@flag{\let\d@t.% % Sections get ``.''
+ \immediate\write\@auxout % IF THERE IS A SECTION
+ {\string\global\string\@todotoctrue}} % THEN SIGNAL IN AUX.
+
+\newcommand\part{\par
+ \addvspace{4ex}%
+ \@afterindentfalse
+ \secdef\@part\@spart}
+
+\def\@part[#1]#2{\ts@flag
+ \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+ \refstepcounter{part}% % DAMN LATEX !!! BELOW,
+ \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\string\intJlink % UNFORTUNATELY, NO NUMBERLINE:
+ {\string\hash\space part\the\c@part}%
+ {\thepart}\hspace{1em}#1}%
+ \else
+ \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
+ \fi
+ {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
+ \interlinepenalty \@M
+ \normalfont
+ \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
+ \name{part\the\c@part}\Large\bfseries \partname~\thepart
+ \par\nobreak
+ \fi
+ \huge \bfseries #2%
+ \markboth{}{}\par}%
+ \nobreak
+ \vskip 3ex
+ \@afterheading\let\d@t\relax}
+\def\@spart#1{%
+ {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
+ \interlinepenalty \@M
+ \normalfont
+ \huge \bfseries #1\par}%
+ \nobreak
+ \vskip 3ex
+ \@afterheading}
+
+\newcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%
+ {-3.5ex \@plus -1.3ex \@minus -.7ex}%
+ {2.3ex \@plus.4ex \@minus .4ex}%
+ {\normalfont\large\secstyle}}
+\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+ {-2.3ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.5ex}%
+ {1.2ex \@plus .3ex \@minus .3ex}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\secstyle}}
+\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+ {-2.3ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.5ex}%
+ {1ex \@plus .2ex \@minus .2ex}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\secstyle}}
+\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+ {1.75ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
+ {1.75ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+ {-1em}%
+ {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+
+% ---- turnaround for sections with figures ------ %
+\def\bef@sec{\iffigprocessing\JINST@warnl{Floating figure \the\ffigcount\space
+ and startsection colliding}\fi
+ \iftabprocessing\JINST@warnl{Floating table \the\ftabcount\space
+ and startsection colliding}\fi
+ \edef\bef@everypar{\the\everypar}} % HACK FOR FLOATS AND \everypar
+\def\aft@sec{\let\d@t\relax % RESTORE: NO DOTTED SUBSECS..
+ \edef\tmp@everypar{\the\everypar}% % DELETED CLUBPENALTY, BELOW.
+ \everypar\expandafter{\bef@everypar{\tmp@everypar}}}% RESTORE.
+\let\old@sec\section %
+\let\old@ssec\subsection %
+\let\old@sssec\subsubsection % OLD SECTIONING COMMANDS.
+\let\old@par\paragraph %
+\let\old@spar\subparagraph %
+% ------- new forms ------- %
+\renewcommand{\section}{\secdef\JINST@sec\JINST@secs}
+\renewcommand{\subsection}{\secdef\JINST@ssec\JINST@ssecs}
+\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\secdef\JINST@sssec\JINST@sssecs}
+\renewcommand{\paragraph}{\secdef\JINST@par\JINST@pars}
+\renewcommand{\subparagraph}{\secdef\JINST@spar\JINST@spars}
+% ---- unstarred forms ---- %
+\def\JINST@sec[#1]#2{\ts@flag\bef@sec\old@sec[#1]{#2}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@ssec[#1]#2{\bef@sec\old@ssec[#1]{#2}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@sssec[#1]#2{\bef@sec\old@sssec[#1]{#2}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@par[#1]#2{\bef@sec\old@par[#1]{#2}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@spar[#1]#2{\bef@sec\old@spar[#1]{#2}\aft@sec}
+% ----- starred forms ----- %
+\def\JINST@secs#1{\bef@sec\old@sec*{#1}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@ssecs#1{\bef@sec\old@ssec*{#1}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@sssecs#1{\bef@sec\old@sssec*{#1}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@pars#1{\bef@sec\old@par*{#1}\aft@sec}
+\def\JINST@spars#1{\bef@sec\old@spar*{#1}\aft@sec}
+% ----- end hack for sections with floats --------%
+
+\if@twocolumn
+ \setlength\leftmargini {2em}
+\else
+ \setlength\leftmargini {2.5em}
+\fi
+\leftmargin \leftmargini
+\setlength\leftmarginii {2.2em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
+\setlength\leftmarginiv {1.7em}
+ \setlength\leftmarginv {1em}
+ \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
+\setlength \labelsep {.5em}
+\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
+\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
+\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@endparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\@itempenalty -\@lowpenalty
+\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}
+\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}
+\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv}
+\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
+\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
+\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
+\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
+\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
+\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
+\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
+\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries --}
+\newcommand\labelitemiii{$\m@th\ast$}
+\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
+\newenvironment{description}
+ {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
+ \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
+ {\endlist}
+\newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep
+ \normalfont\bfseries #1}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% AUTHORS/ADDRESSES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% *** After proceedings, the authors go in a hbox. => \break does not work!!
+% *** if no address nobody closes the box!
+\newif\if@speaker\@speakerfalse
+\newif\if@dblspeak\@dblspeakfalse
+\newtoks\prev@t
+\newtoks\cur@t
+\newbox\@firstaubox
+\newskip\addr@skip\addr@skip=.6em\@plus.02fil\@minus.3ex %\fi
+\newskip\auth@skip\auth@skip=.6em\@plus.03fil\@minus.2ex %\fi
+\renewcommand\@author{\parskip\z@
+ \def\\{\egroup % CLOSE & aftergroup!
+ \par % FIRST TIME \\=>ADDR.
+ \vskip\addr@skip % GLUE UNDER AUTHOR
+ \hskip1em% % ADDRESS INDENT
+ \vbox\bgroup\hsize=.9\textwidth %
+ \small\it\raggedright % STYLE FOR ADDRESSES
+ \def\\{\par\leavevmode\ignorespaces}%\let\\\relax%
+ \leavevmode\ignorespaces}%
+ }
+\renewcommand\author[1]{%
+ \global\@authortrue %
+ \prev@t=\expandafter{\@author}% % TWO TOKEN LISTS.
+ \cur@t={\vskip\auth@skip % glue before auth.
+ \vtop\bgroup #1\egroup % ACTUAL AUTH.\\ADD.
+ \par}% %
+ \long\xdef\@author{\the\prev@t\the\cur@t}%STORE ALL IN \@AUTHOR
+ }
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% RECEIVED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\received[1]{\gdef\Jrece@cs{{\scshape\receivedname}
+ {\itshape #1}}\@recetrue\let\received\gobble}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% REVISED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\revised[1]{\gdef\Jrevi@cs{{\scshape\revisedname}
+ {\itshape #1}}\@revitrue\let\revised\gobble}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ACCEPTED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\accepted[1]{\gdef\Jacce@cs{{\scshape\acceptedname}
+ {\itshape #1}}\@accetrue\let\accepted\gobble}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PUBLISHED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\published[1]{\gdef\Jpubli@cs{{\scshape\publishedname}
+ {\itshape #1$\vphantom{,}$}}\@publitrue\let\published\gobble}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% COPYRIGHT DATE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newbox\Jcopy@date
+\newcommand\JINSTcopydate[1]{\global\setbox\Jcopy@date
+ \hbox{\scriptsize #1}\global\@Jcopytrue}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DEDICATED %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\gdef\dedic@box{\relax}
+\newcommand\dedicated[1]{\gdef\dedic@box{\vskip2em minus 1.2ex
+ \vbox{\small\it\raggedleft #1}}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% QUERIES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif\if@Jqueries\@Jqueriesfalse
+\gdef\Jqueries@auth{\relax}
+\newcommand\QueriesForAuth[1]{\@Jqueriestrue\gdef\Jqueries@auth{%
+ {\raggedright #1}}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ACKNOWELEDGMENTS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\acknowledgments{\section*{\acknowlname}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EMAIL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\email[1]{{\tt\href{mailto:#1}{#1}}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PREPRINT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\let\@preprint\relax
+\newcommand\preprint[1]{\long\gdef\@preprint{#1}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SPECIAL URL overrides paper@url %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newbox\Jspecial@url
+\newcommand\Jspecialurl[1]{\global\setbox\Jspecial@url\hbox{\tiny\ttfamily
+ #1}\@Jspecialurltrue}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FILE NAME AND URL %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%\global\newbox\Jacce@month
+%\global\newcount\Jacce@year
+%\global\newbox\Jacce@number
+%\def\Jsplit@ident#1(#2)#3.{\global\setbox\Jacce@month\hbox{\tiny\ttfamily #1}
+% \global\Jacce@year= #2
+% \global\setbox\Jacce@number\hbox{\tiny\ttfamily #3}
+
+%\gdef\Jfile@name{\hbox{\tiny\ttfamily
+% jinst\unhcopy\Jacce@month\the\Jacce@year\unhcopy\Jacce@number}}
+
+\newbox\Jpaper@url
+\global\setbox\Jpaper@url\hbox{\tiny\ttfamily http://www.iop.org/EJ/jinst/}
+ %\Jfile@name/\Jfile@name.pdf}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% COPYRIGHT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\gdef\Jcopyright@box{\hbox{\if@preprint\else{\scriptsize $\copyright$
+ \if@Jcopy\unhbox\Jcopy@date\else\the\year\fi\ IOP Publishing Ltd\ and SISSA}\fi}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ABSTRACT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%% *** For beton! We need a cs, not a box. Maybe also for refs.. %%%%%%
+
+\newcommand{\abstract}[1]% % ABSTR. IN NORMALSIZE
+ {\gdef\abstract@cs{ % cs FOR WHOLE ABSTRACT
+ {\noindent{\scshape\abstractname}\ \ignorespaces #1}}
+ \normalsize
+ \global\@abstracttrue\let\abstract\gobble}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% KEYWORDS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\@keywords{\relax}% % CS FOR WHOLE KEYWORDS
+\def\keywords{\bgroup\gdef\@comma{,}\catcode`\ =\active\catcode`,=\active
+ \@@keywords}
+\begingroup
+\catcode`\ =\active\catcode`,=\active\global
+\def\@@keywords#1{\gdef\@keywords{\noindent{\scshape\keywordsname}
+ \bgroup\def, {+}\def {_}% %ATTENTION: NO EXPANSION.
+ %\href{http://jinst.sissa.it/stdsearch}%
+ {\let,\@comma\let \ #1}.
+ \egroup}\egroup\global\@keywordstrue\let\keywords\gobble}%
+\endgroup
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OTHER ENVIRONMENTS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newenvironment{verse}
+ {\let\\\@centercr
+ \list{}{\itemsep \z@
+ \itemindent -1.5em%
+ \listparindent\itemindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quotation}
+ {\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
+ \itemindent \listparindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \parsep \z@ \@plus\p@}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+\newenvironment{quote}
+ {\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% THEOREMS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newif\if@twothms\@twothmsfalse
+
+\if@preprint%\ifx\@thmcountersep\@undefined
+%\def\@xthm#1#2{\@begintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname.}\ignorespaces}% after thm number
+\else % if published
+\def\@xthm#1#2{\@begintheorem{#2\if@twothms\else.\fi} % theorems are numbered
+ {\if@twothms\csname the#1\endcsname.\fi} % only if more than one
+ \ifnum \csname the#1\endcsname>1 \immediate\write\@auxout% and not within sections
+ {\string\global\string\@twothmstrue}\fi
+ \ignorespaces}
+\fi
+
+\newcommand\Proof{\noindent\emph{Proof.}\ }
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% APPENDIX %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}%
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+ \renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SOME MORE LENGHTS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\setlength\arraycolsep{2\p@} % TO MATCH eqnarrays<->equations
+\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
+\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
+\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
+\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
+\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
+\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
+\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% THE EQUATION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\renewcommand\theequation{\ifnum\c@section=0\else\thesection.\fi
+ \@arabic\c@equation}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FIGURES, TABLES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcounter{figure}
+\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
+\def\fps@figure{Htbp}
+\def\ftype@figure{1}
+\def\ext@figure{lof}
+\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
+\newenvironment{figure}
+ {\@float{figure}}
+ {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{figure*}
+ {\@dblfloat{figure}}
+ {\end@dblfloat}
+\newcounter{table}
+\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
+\def\fps@table{tbp}
+\def\ftype@table{2}
+\def\ext@table{lot}
+\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
+\newenvironment{table}
+ {\@float{table}}
+ {\end@float}
+\newenvironment{table*}
+ {\@dblfloat{table}}
+ {\end@dblfloat}
+%%-----------------------------------------------------------------%%
+\newcommand{\FIGURE}[2][v]{\begin{floatingfigure}[#1]#2
+ \end{floatingfigure}}
+\newcommand{\TABLE}[2][v]{\begin{floatingtable}[#1]{#2}
+ \end{floatingtable}}
+\newcommand{\EPSFIGURE}[3][v]{\begin{floatingfigure}[#1]\epsfig{file=#2}
+ \caption{#3}\end{floatingfigure}}
+\newcommand{\TABULAR}[4][v]{\begin{floatingtable}[#1]{\begin{tabular}{#2}
+ #3\end{tabular}}\caption{#4}
+ \end{floatingtable}}
+%Check below, and put automatic width ***
+\newcommand{\DOUBLEFIGURE}[5][ht]{\@dblfloat{figure}[#1]\centerline{%
+ \parbox{.45\textwidth}{\centerline{\epsfig{file=#2}}}~~~~
+ \parbox{.45\textwidth}{\centerline{\epsfig{file=#3}}}}
+ \centerline{\parbox[t]{.45\textwidth}{\caption{#4}}~~~~
+ \parbox[t]{.45\textwidth}{\caption{#5}}}\end@dblfloat}
+\newcommand{\DOUBLETABLE}[5][ht]{\@dblfloat{table}[#1]\centerline{%
+ \parbox{.45\textwidth}{\centerline{#2}}~~~~
+ \parbox{.45\textwidth}{\centerline{#3}}}
+ \centerline{\parbox[t]{.45\textwidth}{\caption{#4}}~~~~
+ \parbox[t]{.45\textwidth}{\caption{#5}}}\end@dblfloat}
+%%%%%%---------------- FROM FLOATFLT PACKAGE ------------------%%%%%%%%
+%% Original file `floatflt.sty', modified by F.Nesti <nesti@sissa.it> to:
+%% be inserted in JINST.cls;
+%% correct float placement when shifting past pages;
+%% correct incompatibility with \marginpar;
+%% correct incompatibility with \@startsection;
+%% correct persisting indentation in following pars;
+%% let float also at beginning of pages;
+%% avoid the widht specification.
+%%
+%% Original was 1994-1996 by Mats Dahlgren <matsd@physchem.kth.se>.
+%%
+%%%%%%%%\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1994/06/01] %LEFT THIS STUFF TO
+%%%%%%%%\ProvidesPackage{floatflt}[1996/02/27 v. 1.3] %RECONVERT TO PACKAGE.
+\newcounter{OptionTest}
+\if@twoside
+ \setcounter{OptionTest}{0}
+\else % POS: 2side=p/1side=r
+ \setcounter{OptionTest}{1}
+\fi
+%%%%%%%%\DeclareOption{rflt}{\setcounter{OptionTest}{1}}
+%%%%%%%%\DeclareOption{lflt}{\setcounter{OptionTest}{2}} % CHOSEN.
+%%%%%%%%\DeclareOption{vflt}{\setcounter{OptionTest}{0}}
+%%%%%%%%\DeclareOption*{\OptionNotUsed}
+%%%%%%%%\ProcessOptions
+\newbox\@tmpbox
+\newbox\figbox
+\newbox\tabbox
+\newbox\pagebox
+\newcount\ffigcount
+\newcount\ftabcount
+\newcount\hangcount
+\newcount\nosuccesstryfig
+\newcount\nosuccesstrytab
+\newdimen\figgutter \figgutter=1truepc
+\newdimen\tabgutter \tabgutter=1truepc
+\newdimen\fl@wd
+\newdimen\fl@ht
+\newdimen\htdone \htdone=\z@
+\newdimen\pageht
+\newdimen\startpageht
+\newdimen\floatfltwidth
+\newdimen\fltitemwidth
+\newif\iftryingfig \tryingfigfalse
+\newif\iftryingtab \tryingtabfalse
+\newif\ifdoingfig \doingfigfalse
+\newif\ifdoingtab \doingtabfalse
+\newif\iffigprocessing \figprocessingfalse
+\newif\iftabprocessing \tabprocessingfalse
+\newif\ifpageafterfig \pageafterfigfalse
+\newif\ifpageaftertab \pageaftertabfalse
+\newif\ifoddpages
+\newif\ifoutput
+\newtoks\outputpretest
+\def\@captype{}
+%%---------------- ORRIBLE HACKS, SORRY -------------------------%%
+\let\old@marginpar\marginpar %
+\renewcommand\marginpar[1]{{\outputpretest={\outputtrue}% REDEF \marginpar.
+ \old@marginpar{#1}}} %
+\def\g@addto#1#2{{\toks@\expandafter{#1#2}%
+ \xdef#1{\the\toks@}}}%
+\def\postpone@captions{% %
+ \global\let\tmp@caption\caption % \label, LATER.
+ \global\let\later@capt\relax % UN PO' PESANTI
+ \gdef\later@label{}% % MA D'ALTRONDE...
+ \let\J@ref\ref\def\ref{\protect\J@ref}% % protect ref in captions..
+ \renewcommand\caption{\@ifnextchar[\J@@caption\J@caption}%
+ \newcommand\J@caption[1]{\gdef\later@capt{\tmp@caption{##1}}}% LOCAL!!
+ \newcommand\J@@caption[2][v]%
+ {\gdef\later@capt{\tmp@caption[##1]{##2}}}% LOCAL!!
+ \renewcommand\@@label[1]{\egroup\name{ref-##1}% % TAG WHERE CALLED, AT LEAST,
+ \if@draft\norm@note{}{LAB: ##1}\fi% & DRAFTNOTE.
+ \g@addto\later@label{\old@label{##1}}}%
+ }
+\AtEndDocument{\iftryingfig\JINST@warnl{Floating figure \the\ffigcount\space
+ remains undone}\fi
+ \iftryingtab\JINST@warnl{Floating table \the\ftabcount\space
+ remains undone}\fi}
+%%----------------- FIGURE ---------------------------------------%%
+\newenvironment{floatingfigure}[1][v]%
+{\@tfor \@tempa :=#1\do {\xdef\@fside{\@tempa}}%
+ \global\advance\ffigcount by 1%
+ \iffigprocessing {\count0=\ffigcount\advance\count0 by -1%
+ \JINST@warnl{Floating figures \the\count0\space\space and
+ \the\ffigcount\space colliding}}\fi
+ \iftabprocessing \JINST@warnl{Floating table \the\ftabcount\space and
+ floating figure \the\ffigcount\space colliding}\fi
+ \postpone@captions
+ \global\setbox\@tmpbox=\hbox\bgroup% begin of figbox %HBOX FOR AUTO WIDTH!
+}
+{%
+\egroup% % CALCULATE WIDTH (NO CAPTION FOR NOW)
+\global\setlength{\floatfltwidth}{\the\wd\@tmpbox}%
+% New behavior: wd < .6 columnwidth => floatflt.
+% wd < columnwidth => float{figure}
+% wd > columnwidth => dblfloat{figure}
+\ifdim\floatfltwidth<.6\columnwidth% % IF NOT TOO WIDE OK:
+ \global\setbox\figbox=\vbox{\hsize=\floatfltwidth
+ \def\@captype{figure}%
+ \noindent\unhbox\@tmpbox
+ \later@capt\later@label}%
+ \global\figprocessingtrue
+ \global\everypar={\tryfig\oldeverypar}% must be set globally!
+ \figinsert\par
+\else% % ELSE NORMAL LATEX FIGURE, SIGH.
+% \JINST@mess{Floating figure \the\ffigcount\space is
+% wide becomes a LaTeX float}%
+ \if\@fside v \def\@fside{ht}\fi
+ \ifdim\floatfltwidth<\columnwidth
+ \def\@@tempa{\@float{figure}[}\let\@@tempb\end@float
+ \else
+ \def\@@tempa{\@dblfloat{figure}[}\let\@@tempb\end@dblfloat
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\@@tempa\@fside]\center\unhbox\@tmpbox\later@capt\later@label\@@tempb
+\fi
+}
+%%------------ TABLE ----------------------------------------------%%
+\newenvironment{floatingtable}[1][v]%
+{\@tfor \@tempa :=#1\do {\global\edef\@tside{\@tempa}}%
+ \global\advance\ftabcount by 1%
+ \iftabprocessing {\count0=\ftabcount\advance\count0 by -1%
+ \JINST@warnl{Floating tables \the\count0\space
+ \space and \the\ftabcount \space colliding}}\fi
+ \iffigprocessing \JINST@warnl{Floating figure \the\ffigcount\space and
+ floating table \the\ftabcount\space colliding}\fi
+ \postpone@captions
+ \global\setbox\@tmpbox=\hbox\bgroup% begin of tabbox, ACTUALLY AN HBOX.
+}
+{%
+\egroup% end of \tabbox, % ACTUALLY \@tmpbox
+\global\setlength{\floatfltwidth}{\the\wd\@tmpbox}%
+\ifdim\floatfltwidth<.6\columnwidth% % IF NOT TOO WIDE OK:
+ \global\setbox\tabbox=\vbox{\hsize=\floatfltwidth
+ \def\@captype{table}%
+ \noindent\unhbox\@tmpbox
+ \later@capt\later@label}%
+ \global\tabprocessingtrue
+ \global\everypar={\trytab\oldeverypar}%
+ \tabinsert\par%
+\else% % ELSE NORMAL LATEX TABLE.
+% \JINST@mess{Floating table \the\ftabcount\space is
+% wide becomes a LaTeX float}%
+ \ifdim\floatfltwidth<1.1\columnwidth
+ \if\@tside v \def\@tside{ht}\fi
+ \def\@@tempa{\@float{table}[}\let\@@tempb\end@float
+ \else
+ \if\@tside v \def\@tside{t}\fi
+ \def\@@tempa{\@dblfloat{table}[}\let\@@tempb\end@dblfloat
+ \fi
+ \expandafter\@@tempa\@tside]% % ACTUALLY CALL THE LATEX FLOAT
+ \center\unhbox\@tmpbox\later@capt\later@label
+ \@@tempb
+\fi%
+}
+%----------- prepare for tries ----------------------------%
+\def\figinsert{%
+ \global\nosuccesstryfig=0%
+ \global\outputpretest={\do@test}%
+ \global\tryingfigtrue \global\doingfigfalse%
+ \global\pageafterfigfalse}%
+\def\tabinsert{%
+ \global\nosuccesstrytab=0%
+ \global\outputpretest={\do@test}%
+ \global\tryingtabtrue \global\doingtabfalse%
+ \global\pageaftertabfalse}%
+%----------- init -----------------------------------------%
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+ \edef\oldoutput{\the\output}
+ \output={\the\outputpretest\ifoutput\oldoutput\fi}%
+ \outputpretest={\outputtrue}%
+ \edef\oldeverypar{\the\everypar}% PERCHE' NESSUNO LO RIMETTE PIU' A POSTO?***
+}
+%---- tests during \outputpretest -------------------------%
+\def\do@test{%
+ \ifnum\outputpenalty=-10005
+% \output
+ \setbox\pagebox=\vbox{\unvbox255}%
+ \global\pageht=\ht\pagebox
+ \global\outputfalse
+ \unvbox\pagebox
+ \dimen0=\pageht\advance\dimen0 by 2 \baselineskip
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\vsize\pagebreak[4]\global\pageht\z@\fi
+ \else
+ \global\outputtrue
+ \ifnum\outputpenalty>-\@Mi %ie \marginpar's give penalty.
+ \ifdoingtab\global\pageaftertabtrue\fi
+ \ifdoingfig\global\pageafterfigtrue\fi
+ \fi
+ \fi}%
+%-------- check for side ----------------------------------%
+\def\chk@side#1{% DEFINED \fl@sid, BUT IF CHOSEN A DEFAULT, ELIMINATE ALL ***
+ {\edef\fl@sid{#1}%
+ \if\fl@sid r\global\oddpagestrue\fi
+ \if\fl@sid l\global\oddpagesfalse\fi
+ \if\fl@sid p%
+ \ifodd\c@page\global\oddpagesfalse
+ \else\global\oddpagestrue\fi
+ \fi
+ \if\fl@sid v%
+ \ifnum\theOptionTest=0%
+ \ifodd\c@page\global\oddpagesfalse
+ \else\global\oddpagestrue\fi
+ \else
+ \ifodd\theOptionTest\global\oddpagestrue
+ \else\global\oddpagesfalse\fi
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ }}%
+%-------- get point in page -------------------------------%
+\def\get@pageht{{\everypar={\relax}\setbox0=\lastbox
+ \parindent=\wd0 \parskip=\z@ \par
+ \penalty-10005 \leavevmode}}%
+%-------- try at everypar ---------------------------------%
+\def\tryfig{%
+ \global\fl@ht\ht\figbox
+ \global\fl@wd\wd\figbox
+ \global\let\fl@gut\figgutter
+ \iftryingfig
+ \get@pageht
+ \dimen0=\vsize
+ \advance\dimen0 by -\pageht
+ \advance\dimen0 by -2\baselineskip
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\fl@ht
+ \chk@side\@fside
+ \dimen0=0.3\baselineskip
+ \vrule depth \dimen0 width \z@%height 1.5\baselineskip
+ \vadjust{\kern -\dimen0
+ \vtop to \dimen0{%
+ \baselineskip=\dimen0
+ \vss \vbox to 1ex{%
+ \ifoddpages
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hss\copy\figbox}%
+ \else% leftsetting
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\copy\figbox\hss}%
+ \fi
+ \vss}\null}}%
+ \global\tryingfigfalse
+ \global\doingfigtrue
+ \global\startpageht=\pageht
+ \global\htdone=\z@
+ \dohang
+ \ifnum\nosuccesstryfig>0%
+ \JINST@mess{Flt. fig. \the\ffigcount\space set on page \the\count0,
+ shifted \the\nosuccesstryfig\space par(s) forward}%
+% \else
+% \JINST@mess{Floating figure \the\ffigcount\space
+% set on page \the\count0}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \global\advance\nosuccesstryfig by 1
+ \fi
+ \else% % IF NOT TRYING
+ \ifdoingfig
+ \get@pageht
+ \global\htdone=\pageht
+ \global\advance\htdone by -\startpageht
+ \ifpageafterfig
+ \global\doingfigfalse% IN CASE A PAGEBREAK JUST BELOW?
+ \else
+ \dimen0=\fl@ht
+ \advance\dimen0 by .85\baselineskip % .85 ENOUGH: WE ARE AT NEW PAR
+% \typeout{FLOAT HT: \the\dimen0, HTDONE: \the\htdone}
+ \ifdim\htdone<\dimen0%
+ \dohang
+ \else
+ \global\doingfigfalse
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \ifdoingfig\else\global\figprocessingfalse\fi% IF NO MORE DOING.
+ \else
+ \global\outputpretest={\outputtrue}% NOT RESTORE EVPAR IF NOT DOING?
+ \fi% % END IF DOING
+ \fi% % END IF TRYING
+}
+\def\trytab{%
+ \global\fl@ht\ht\tabbox
+ \global\fl@wd\wd\tabbox
+ \global\let\fl@gut\tabgutter
+ \iftryingtab
+ \get@pageht
+ \dimen0=\vsize
+ \advance\dimen0 by -\pageht
+ \advance\dimen0 by -2\baselineskip
+ \ifdim\dimen0>\fl@ht
+ \chk@side\@tside
+ \dimen0=0.3\baselineskip
+ \vrule depth \dimen0 width \z@
+ \vadjust{\kern -\dimen0
+ \vtop to \dimen0{%
+ \baselineskip=\dimen0
+ \vss \vbox to 1ex{%
+ \ifoddpages
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hss\copy\tabbox}%
+ \else% leftsetting
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\copy\tabbox\hss}%
+ \fi
+ \vss}\null}}%
+ \global\tryingtabfalse
+ \global\doingtabtrue
+ \global\startpageht=\pageht
+ \global\htdone=\z@
+ \dohang
+ \ifnum\nosuccesstrytab>0%
+ \JINST@mess{Flt. tab. \the\ftabcount\space set on page \the\count0,
+ shifted \the\nosuccesstrytab\space par(s) forward}%
+% \else
+% \JINST@mess{Floating table \the\ftabcount\space
+% set on page \the\count0}%
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \global\advance\nosuccesstrytab by 1
+ \fi
+ \else
+ \ifdoingtab
+ \get@pageht
+ \global\htdone=\pageht
+ \global\advance\htdone by -\startpageht
+ \ifpageaftertab
+ \global\doingtabfalse
+ \else
+ \dimen0=\fl@ht
+ \advance\dimen0 by .85\baselineskip % .85 ENOUGH: WE ARE AT NEW PAR
+ \ifdim\htdone<\dimen0%
+ \dohang
+ \else
+ \global\doingtabfalse
+ \fi
+ \fi
+ \ifdoingtab\relax\else\global\tabprocessingfalse\fi
+ \else
+ \global\outputpretest={\outputtrue}%
+ \fi
+\fi
+}
+%----- hanging lord -----------------------------%
+\def\dohang{%
+ \dimen0=\fl@ht
+ \advance\dimen0 by -\htdone
+ \advance\dimen0 by 1.999\baselineskip % (16/12/98) WAS 1.49 BUT
+ \hangcount=\dimen0 % TEX ROUNDS ON STRICT INTEGERS
+ \divide\hangcount by \baselineskip % IN THIS DIVISION!
+% \typeout{HANGCOUNT: \the\hangcount.}
+% \ifnum\hangcount > 0 % IF ZERO ALSO INDENT MUST BE NULL. (7/6/97)
+ \dimen0=\fl@wd
+ \advance\dimen0 by \fl@gut
+ \ifoddpages
+ \global\hangindent=-\dimen0% placing right
+ \else
+ \global\hangindent=\dimen0% placing left
+ \fi
+ \global\hangafter=-\hangcount
+% \fi
+}
+%----------------------- TWO NEWITEMS ---------------------%
+\newcommand{\fltitem}[2][\z@]{\setlength{\fltitemwidth}{\linewidth}%
+ \addtolength{\fltitemwidth}{-\floatfltwidth}%
+ \addtolength{\fltitemwidth}{-0.5em}%
+ \item \parbox[t]{\fltitemwidth}{#2}\\[#1]}
+\newcommand{\fltditem}[3][\z@]{\setlength{\fltitemwidth}{\linewidth}%
+ \addtolength{\fltitemwidth}{-\floatfltwidth}%
+ \addtolength{\fltitemwidth}{-0.5em}%
+ \item[#2] \parbox[t]{\fltitemwidth}{#3}\\[#1]}
+%%%%%%\endinput
+%%%
+%%% End of ex-file `floatflt.sty'.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% CAPTIONS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newlength\abovecaptionskip
+\newlength\belowcaptionskip
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{8\p@}
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \if@hyper{\edef\@pippo{the\@captype}
+ \name{\@captype\expandafter\csname\@pippo\endcsname}}\fi%
+ \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+ {\let\label\@gobble% % FN 10.2.97 REMOVED LATEX BUG:
+ \let\index\@gobble% % LARGE CAPTIONS PROCESS LABEL
+ \let\glossary\@gobble% % TWO TIMES.
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{\small {\bfseries #1.} #2}% %
+ \global\dimen0\wd\@tempboxa}% %
+ \ifdim \dimen0 >\hsize
+ \small {\bfseries #1.} #2\par
+ \else
+ \global\@minipagefalse \sbox\@tempboxa{\small {\bfseries #1.} #2}%
+ \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FONTS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
+\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\cal{\@fontswitch\relax\mathcal}
+\DeclareRobustCommand*\mit{\@fontswitch\relax\mathnormal}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% TOC %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\tocsecs{}
+\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
+\newcommand\@tocrmarg{2.55em}
+\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
+\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
+\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
+ \section*{\contentsname\label{-TOC-}}
+ \@starttoc{toc}%
+ \gdef\tableofcontents{\JINST@igno{\tableofcontents\space already done}}}
+\newcommand*\l@part[2]{\def\hyp@typ{part}%
+ \ifnum \c@tocdepth >-2\relax
+ \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+ \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
+ \begingroup
+ \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ {\leavevmode
+ \large \bfseries \tocsecs#1\hfil \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss
+ \intJlink{\hash pag#2}{#2}}}\par
+ \nobreak
+ \if@compatibility
+ \global\@nobreaktrue
+ \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}%
+ \fi
+ \endgroup
+ \fi}
+\newcommand*\l@section[2]{\def\hyp@typ{sec}%
+ \ifnum \c@tocdepth >\z@
+ \addpenalty\@secpenalty
+ \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
+ \setlength\@tempdima{1.8em}% %WIDTH OF SECT. N.
+ \begingroup
+ \let\d@t.%
+ \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
+ \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
+ \leavevmode \bfseries
+ \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
+ \hskip -\leftskip
+ \tocsecs#1\nobreak\hfil %HREF HERE WOULD GET ALSO THE TITLE(...)
+ \nobreak\hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hss \intJlink{\hash pag#2}{#2}}\par
+ \endgroup
+ \fi}
+
+\newcommand*\l@subsection{\def\hyp@typ{sec}\@tocline{2}{1.8em}{2.3em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subsubsection{\def\hyp@typ{sec}\@tocline{3}{4.1em}{3.1em}}
+\newcommand*\l@paragraph{\def\hyp@typ{sec}\@tocline{4}{7.2em}{4.3em}}
+\newcommand*\l@subparagraph{\def\hyp@typ{sec}\@tocline{5}{10.5em}{5em}}
+
+\if@hyper
+ \let\old@dtl\@dottedtocline
+ \def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{\old@dtl{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{%
+ \intJlink{\hash pag#5}{#5}}}
+\fi
+
+\def\@tocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
+ \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else
+ \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@
+ {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \parfillskip -\rightskip
+ \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue
+ \interlinepenalty\@M
+ \leavevmode
+ \@tempdima #3\relax
+ \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip
+ {#4}\nobreak
+ \hfill
+ \nobreak
+ \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor \intJlink{\hash pag#5}{#5}}%
+ \par}%
+ \fi}
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\if@draft % ONLY IF DRAFT! ...
+ \newcommand\listoffigures{%
+ \section*{\listfigurename
+ \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}%
+ {\MakeUppercase\listfigurename}}%
+ \@starttoc{lof}%
+ }
+ \newcommand*\l@figure{\def\hyp@typ{figure}\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+ \newcommand\listoftables{%
+ \section*{\listtablename
+ \@mkboth{%
+ \MakeUppercase\listtablename}{\MakeUppercase\listtablename}}%
+ \@starttoc{lot}%
+ }
+ \newcommand*\l@table{\def\hyp@typ{table}\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
+\else
+ \newcommand\listoffigures{\JINST@ignol{List of figures (draft mode only)}}
+ \newcommand\listoftables{\JINST@ignol{List of tables (draft mode only)}}
+\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BIBLIOGRAPHY %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%***
+\newdimen\bibindent
+\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
+\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]% %UNFORTUNATELY MODIFIED..
+ {\bgroup\raggedright\small\section*{\refname
+ \@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}}%
+ \list{\name{bib\@arabic\c@enumiv}% HOPE!
+ \@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \@openbib@code
+ \usecounter{enumiv}%
+ \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+ \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
+ \sfcode`\.\@m}
+ {\def\@noitemerr
+ {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+ \endlist\egroup}
+\newcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+\if@draft
+ \let\old@bbt\@bibitem\let\old@lbbt\@lbibitem% LOOK THE DISASTER HERE BELOW.
+ \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\old@lbbt[#1]{#2}\reversemarginpar{\sf\bfseries\small#2}}
+ \def\@bibitem#1{\old@bbt{#1}\reversemarginpar{\sf\bfseries\small#1}}
+\fi
+\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% JOURNALS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\@spires#1{\href{http://www-spires.slac.stanford.edu/spires/find/hep/www?j=#1}}
+% %PITY THAT target IS NOT IMPLEMENTED.
+\catcode`\%=12
+\catcode`\|=14
+|%%%% SM publications
+\newcommand\jcap[3] {\href{http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1475-7516/#2/#1/#3}
+ {{\it JCAP }{\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\jhep[3] {\href{http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1126-6708/#2/#1/#3}
+ {{\it JHEP }{\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+\def\splitJINST#120#2#3#4#5#6#7#8#9{\href{http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1748-0221/#1/#5#6/#4#5#6#7#8#9}
+ {20#2#3 {\it JINST }{\bf #1} #4#5#6#7#8#9}}
+\newcommand\jinst[3] {\splitJINST#1#2#3}
+
+\def\splitJSTAT 20#1#2#3#4#5#6#7#8{\href{http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1742-5468/20#1#2/#4#5/#3#4#5#6#7#8}
+ {{\it J. Stat. Mech.\ }(20#1#2) #3#4#5#6#7#8}}
+\newcommand\jstat[2]{\splitJSTAT#1#2}
+\newcommand\pos[1]{\href{http://pos.sissa.it/cgi-bin/reader/contribution.cgi?id=#1}{\tt #1}}
+|%%%% APS journals
+\newcommand\pr[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.} {\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\pra[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.} {\bf A #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\prb[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.} {\bf B #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\prc[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.} {\bf C #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\prd[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.} {\bf D #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\prl[3]{\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.#1.#3}
+ {\emph{Phys.\ Rev.\ Lett.} {\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+|%%%% Others
+\newcommand\econf[3] {\@spires{ECONF%2C#1%2C#3}
+ {{\it eConf\ }{\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+\newcommand\rsi[3]{\href{http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=RSINAK0000#1000001#3000001}
+{\emph{Rev.\ Sci.\ Instrum.} {\bf #1} (#2) #3}}
+| }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} "|" is here a comment (catcode defined above) to
+| }}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} include parenthesis for emacs to parse properly.
+\newcommand\ibid[3]{{\it ibid.\ }{\bf #1} (#2) #3}
+\catcode`\%=14
+\catcode`\|=12
+% HEPTH's: \hepth{9912999} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand{\hepth}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/#1}{\tt hep-th/#1}}
+\newcommand{\hepph}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/#1}{\tt hep-ph/#1}}
+\newcommand{\heplat}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/hep-lat/#1}{\tt hep-lat/#1}}
+\newcommand{\hepex}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/hep-ex/#1}{\tt hep-ex/#1}}
+\newcommand{\nuclth}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/#1}{\tt nucl-th/#1}}
+\newcommand{\nuclex}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/nucl-ex/#1}{\tt nucl-ex/#1}}
+\newcommand{\grqc}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/#1}{\tt gr-qc/#1}}
+\newcommand{\qalg}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/q-alg/#1}{\tt q-alg/#1}}
+\newcommand{\dgga}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/dg-ga/#1}{\tt dg-ga/#1}}
+\newcommand{\accphys}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/accphys/#1}{\tt accphys/#1}}
+\newcommand{\alggeom}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/alg-geom/#1}{\tt alg-geom/#1}}
+\newcommand{\astroph}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/#1}{\tt astro-ph/#1}}
+\newcommand{\chaodyn}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/chao-dyn/#1}{\tt chao-dyn/#1}}
+\newcommand{\condmat}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/#1}{\tt cond-mat/#1}}
+\newcommand{\nlinsys}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/nlin-sys/#1}{\tt nlin-sys/#1}}
+\newcommand{\quantph}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/#1}{\tt quant-ph/#1}}
+\newcommand{\solvint}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/solv-int/#1}{\tt solv-int/#1}}
+\newcommand{\suprcon}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/supr-con/#1}{\tt supr-con/#1}}
+\newcommand{\mathph}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/#1}{\tt math-ph/#1}}
+\newcommand{\physics}[1]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/physics/#1}{\tt physics/#1}}
+\newcommand{\Math}[2]{\href{http://www.arxiv.org/abs/math.#1/#2}{\tt math.#1/#2}}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% BopHook %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\ifpdf
+\newcommand\Jwatermark[1]{\relax}
+\JINST@warnl{ATTENTION!!! watermark disabled. Add it with pdftk
+(use compilaJINSTpdflatex for instance)}
+\else
+\newcommand\Jwatermark[1]{\special{!userdict begin
+/iseven {dup dup 2 idiv 2 mul eq} bind def
+/BHend {
+ translate rotate
+/Courier findfont 30 scalefont setfont
+0 0 moveto 0.80 setgray (#1) show grestore}
+ bind def
+statusdict /duplexmode known
+ {statusdict begin duplexmode end}
+ {false}
+ifelse
+ {/bop-hook {gsave iseven {-90 550 570} {+90 50 300} ifelse BHend} def}
+ {/bop-hook {gsave -90 550 570 BHend} def}
+ifelse
+end
+}\let\JHEP\gobble}
+\fi
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FOOTNOTES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\skip\footins = 1\bigskipamount plus 2pt minus 4pt
+
+\addtolength{\footnotesep}{1pt}
+\renewcommand\footnoterule{% % NO HYPER...
+ \kern-3\p@
+ \hrule\@width.4\columnwidth
+ \kern2.6\p@}
+\newcommand\@makefntext[1]{%
+ \parindent 1em%
+ \noindent
+ \hb@xt@1.8em{\hss\@makefnmark}#1}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% NAMES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
+\if@draft\newcommand\listfigurename{List of figures}
+ \newcommand\listtablename{List of tables}\fi
+\newcommand\refname{References}
+\newcommand\indexname{Index}
+\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
+\newcommand\tablename{Table}
+\newcommand\partname{Part}
+\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
+\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract:}
+\newcommand\keywordsname{Keywords:}
+\newcommand\receivedname{Received:}
+\newcommand\revisedname{Revised:}
+\newcommand\acceptedname{Accepted:}
+\newcommand\publishedname{Published:}
+\newcommand\acknowlname{Acknowledgments}
+\newcommand\queriesname{Queries for the author}
+\newcommand\today{}
+\edef\today{\ifcase\month\or
+ January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
+ July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
+ \space\number\day, \number\year}
+
+\setlength\columnsep{20\p@}
+\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DEFAULTS %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\pagestyle{JINST}
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
+\if@preprint
+\else
+ \let\pagestyle\@gobble
+ \let\thispagestyle\@gobble
+ \let\pagenumbering\@gobble
+\fi
+\onecolumn
+
+% FOR REQUESTED FRONTMATTER ...
+\AtBeginDocument{\bgroup% SOME NICE (LOCAL) MESSAGES...
+ \def\@APPwarn#1{\JINST@warnl{\protect#1 should appear
+ before \protect\begin{document}}}%
+ \def\@APPerr#1{\ClassError{JINST}{\protect#1 should appear
+ before \protect\begin{document}}}%
+ \if@author\else\@APPerr{Some \protect\author{...}}\fi
+ \if@abstract\else\@APPerr{\abstract{...}}\fi
+ \if@preprint
+ \else
+ \if@rece\else\@APPerr{\received{...}}\fi
+ \if@acce\else\@APPerr{\accepted{...}}\fi
+ \if@publi\else\@APPerr{\published{...}}\fi
+ \if@keywords\else\@APPwarn{\keywords{...}}\fi
+ \fi
+ \egroup
+ \auto@maketitle}%
+\endinput
+%%
+%% End of file `JINST.cls'.
--- /dev/null
+\pdfoutput=1
+
+\documentclass{JINST}
+\let\ifpdf\relax
+
+%\usepackage{ulem}
+
+\title{In-beam experience with a highly granular DAQ and control network:
+TrbNet}
+
+\author{Jan Michel$^a$\thanks{Corresponding author.}, Grzegorz Korcyl$^b$,
+Ludwig Maier$^c$ and Michael Traxler$^d$ for the HADES collaboration\\
+\llap{$^a$}Institute for Nuclear Physics, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt,
+Germany \\
+ E-mail: \email{j.michel@gsi.de}\\
+\llap{$^b$}Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow,
+30-059 Cracow, Poland \\
+\llap{$^c$}Department for Physics, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching,
+Germany\\
+\llap{$^d$}GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt,
+Germany
+}
+
+
+\abstract{Virtually all Data Acquisition Systems (DAQ) for nuclear and particle
+physics experiments use a large number of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)
+for data transport and more complex tasks as pattern recognition and data
+reduction. All these FPGAs in a large system have to share a common state like a
+trigger number or an epoch counter to keep the system synchronized for a
+consistent event/epoch building. Additionally, the collected data has to be
+transported with high bandwidth, optionally via the ubiquitous Ethernet
+protocol. Furthermore, the FPGAs' internal states and configuration memories
+have to be accessed for control and monitoring purposes.
+
+Another requirement for a modern DAQ-network is the fault-tolerance for
+intermittent data errors in the form of automatic retransmission of faulty
+data. As FPGAs suffer from Single Event Effects when exposed to ionizing
+particles, the system has to deal with failing FPGAs. The TrbNet protocol was
+developed taking all these requirements into account. Three virtual channels
+are merged on one physical medium: The trigger/epoch information is
+transported with the highest priority. The data channel is second in the
+priority order, while the control channel is the last. Combined with a small
+frame size of 80 bit this guarantees a low latency data transport: A system with
+100 front-ends can be built with a one-way latency of 2.2 us.
+
+The TrbNet-protocol was implemented in each of the 550 FPGAs of the
+HADES upgrade project and has been successfully used during the Au+Au
+campaign in April 2012. With $2\cdot10^6$/s Au-ions and 3\% interaction ratio the
+accepted trigger rate is 10 kHz while data is written to storage with
+150 MBytes/s. Errors are reliably mitigated via the implemented retransmission
+of
+packets and auto-shut-down of individual links. TrbNet was also used for full
+monitoring of the FEE status. The network stack is written in VHDL and was
+successfully deployed on various Lattice and Xilinx devices. The TrbNet is
+also used in other experiments, like systems for detector and
+electronics development for PANDA and CBM at FAIR. As a platform for such
+set-ups, e.g. for high-channel time measurement with 15 ps
+resolution, a generic FPGA platform (TRB3) has been developed.
+
+}
+
+\keywords{Data acquisition, Detector control systems, Trigger concepts and
+systems, Optical detector readout concepts}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\section{The HADES experiment and DAQ System}
+
+
+The High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) detector~\cite{nim} is a
+high-acceptance magnetic spectrometer with a six-fold
+segmentation. A cross-section of the HADES detector is shown in
+figure~\ref{fig:crossection}. The detector is built with a minimal material
+budget in the inner detectors and high geometrical acceptance in both polar and
+azimuthal angles.
+
+Charged particles are reconstructed based on their identification and their
+momentum is measured by specific detectors. Their trajectory is determined by
+four layers of multi-wire drift chambers. They are located two behind and two in
+front of a superconducting toroidal magnet aligned with the beam axis. The
+deflection in
+the magnetic field allows the reconstruction of the momentum of the particle.
+A time-of-flight wall consisting of scintillator bars and resistive plate
+chambers as well as a hadron-blind RICH and pre-Shower detectors complement the
+system. In total, the HADES spectrometer comprises about 80,000 individual
+detector cells.
+
+The inner part of the HADES DAQ system consists of dedicated, FPGA-based
+front-end modules connected by a high-speed low-latency network protocol,
+TrbNet~\cite{ieeert}. The outer DAQ part is built from off-the-shelf components
+transporting data from the detector to a server farm over the Gigabit Ethernet.
+
+The electronics consist of detector dependent, but very similar FPGA-based
+platforms. Most employ FPGAs of the Lattice ECP2/M family, but in some parts
+Xilinx Virtex 4 FPGAs are also used. This common platform is attached to
+individual front-end electronics such as TDC ASICs or ADC ICs. Data
+communication is based on optical links over SFP- or
+Fiber-Optical-Transceiver (FOT) modules which operate at speeds of 2 GBit/s and
+250 MBit/s, respectively. The FOT technology
+was chosen because of the strict space constraints in the inner part of the
+detector which did not allow the use of standard SFP modules.
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{hadescross_new.png}
+\end{center}
+\caption{A cross section of the HADES spectrometer. From inner to outer, the
+ detectors are the start and the veto diamond detectors, a ring imaging
+Cherenkov detector (RICH), four layers of multi-wire drift chambers (MDC), a
+superconducting magnet, a time-of-flight wall (TOF), resistive plate chambers
+(RPC) and a pre-shower detector. A forward hodoscope is located 7~m downstream
+from the target (distance not to scale). For the sake of clarity only two of the
+six sectors are shown.}
+\label{fig:crossection}
+\end{figure}
+
+The TrbNet protocol merges all functionality needed to operate the detector in
+one common network. This is, trigger and busy information, all detector
+data and slow-control communication are combined on one physical connection.
+The three types of data are transported on
+individual virtual network channels and handled separately within each network
+node. Combined with small data packets that guarantee quick switching
+between network channels, this architecture fits the different requirements of
+triggers, data and slow-control.
+
+Trigger messages are transported with the highest priority, followed by detector
+data and slow-control information with the lowest priority. All communication is
+organized in so-called transfers, initiated by a central, active sender which
+distributes a message to all front-ends. These have to reply at least with a
+termination word to signal that they received the request even if they are not
+addressed by the message. Upon the request, all addressed boards are allowed to
+send back a reply of arbitrary length. This scheme fits perfectly to the
+trigger-busy-release architecture of the HADES DAQ as well as the centrally
+controlled read-out of data.
+
+The tree structure of the network is built by using network hubs. Typically,
+they contain one or two up-links in the direction of the central request sender
+and up to 12 down-links towards the front-end modules. Besides distributing
+requests, which are always sent as broadcast, and collecting replies that are
+sent to the requestor only, the hubs have additional features. E.g., the
+obligatory termination words from all front-ends are merged into one, hence
+saving network bandwidth otherwise occupied by redundant data. Detector data is
+automatically checked for validity by checking event numbers and further
+information before being packed into a container structure (``sub-events'').
+These sub-events are then sent to the server farm by built-in Gigabit Ethernet
+transmitters.
+
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=.75\textwidth]{network_setup.png}
+\end{center}
+\caption{The HADES DAQ network set-up. Front-ends and cental systems are
+connected via optical links running the TrbNet protocol, servers are connected
+over Gigabit Ethernet to the system. Data from several front-ends is merged by
+network hubs into a common data stream.}
+\label{fig:networksetup}
+\end{figure}
+
+\section{April 2012 Experimental Run}
+In April 2012 the HADES experiment started its first heavy ion production run.
+A gold beam with an energy of 1.23 AGeV was used in combination with a 15-fold
+segmented gold target with an average interaction rate of one per cent. The beam
+intensity of $2\cdot10^6$ ions per second resulted in a primary reaction rate
+of 20~kHz, half of which could be recorded by the DAQ system. The amount of
+only 50\% recorded events is very low compared to the dead-time of the system of
+about 15\%. This is mainly attributable to the beam structure that is
+dominated by strong intensity fluctuations caused by the extraction process
+from the synchrotron. The intensity could not be increased further due to the
+limitations of the load on the detectors, even though the DAQ system is able to
+handle event rates well above 50~kHz.
+
+During the full five week experiment, in total 7.7 billion events in a data
+volume of 150~TB have been recorded. These numbers are a factor 4 (events) and
+15 (volume) above the values of previous runs with lighter ions and the
+original DAQ system, proving the success of the upgrade program.
+
+
+\section{Design Aspects}
+\subsection{Fault Tolerance}
+In order to operate a highly granular FPGA-based system in a harsh
+environment, where malfunctions can never be excluded completely, all software
+has to be built in a fault-tolerant way . One of the main concerns in
+modern high-rate experiments is the influence of radiation on the electronics.
+Here, not only the secondary particles produced during a collision but also
+the primary
+beam particles and heavy fragments have to be taken into account since some
+FPGAs are placed near
+the beam axis. Calculations show that in the case of HADES one has to expect
+about one single event upset in one of the FPGAs per hour.
+
+Automatic error correction mechanisms like triple-redundancy have been
+considered but not implemented due to several reasons. Here, especially the
+long additional development time, the requirement for larger FPGAs and hence
+higher costs are one of the aspect. Another point is the fact, that only the
+errors within the logic of the FPGA can be corrected. Many components, like the
+built-in serdes modules, can not be implemented in a redundant way and remain as
+single points of failure.
+
+We rather rely on a fast detection of possible error conditions, automatic
+exclusion procedures and a quick re-initialization of individual front-end
+modules. If a front-end module fails to answer or sends invalid data, the
+network hubs are able to disable the communication with a failing module. This
+allows to continue to run the rest of the system without interruption.
+
+Regarding the possible error conditions, one can distinguish two scenarios:
+First, the FPGA suffers from a minor malfunction that hinders it from sending
+data but the serial link is still running. In this case, the hub can send a
+low-level command to the FPGA that triggers a reload of the configuration from
+the on-board Flash ROM. Now, the soft configuration can be loaded again via
+slow-control before the board is re-included in the data taking process. This
+procedure can be completed in few seconds and requires a stop of the full DAQ
+system only for a short time window to resynchronize the failed board with the
+rest of the system.
+
+In case a more severe error happens and the optical link is not operational
+anymore, a reload of the FPGA can't be triggered. Therefore, it is necessary
+to cut and reestablish the power supply to the erroneous front-end. Our power
+supply system is not able to accomplish this on the level of a single board but
+only in groups of 16 front-ends. Additionally, this can not take place during
+the normal operation of the data taking, so the complete data taking has to be
+stopped. After the power cycle, the front-ends first load the fail-safe golden
+image from the Flash, then they have to be rebooted with the working design and
+finally the DAQ has to be restarted. This process takes about one minute.
+
+Fortunately, most errors are of the first type so that the loss of live time
+of the system is kept small. During the experiment, the error rate was about
+two failing front-ends per hour. The exact cause of these malfunctions can not
+be determined, but the kind of errors observed and the distribution of errors
+throughout the detector points to failures induced by single event upsets.
+
+Based on these in beam experiences we state that in a high granular
+system where the short time failure of a single sub-component can be accepted,
+which is normally true in any DAQ-system, our approach of a fast detection and fast
+recovery is the most effective (space, power dissipation, manpower and cost)
+way of dealing with these issues.
+All known mitigation methods reduce the failure rate by a factor of
+around ten (some report even a factor 100), which is certainly not enough to
+ignore the detection (e.g. watchdogs) and recovery (e.g. power-cycle)
+infrastructure, which one has to implement anyways.
+
+
+\subsection{Error Correction}
+One of the most severe problems with electronics turned up only after the
+installation of all components in the detector during commissioning: The optical
+transceivers (FOT) for plastic optical fibers (POF) showed a high sensitivity to
+electromagnetic noise. These modules are installed only a few centimeters away
+from the drift chambers operated at well above 1 kV. Combined with a high load
+of
+charged particles in
+these detectors, the bit error rate of the transceiver goes up to $10^{-11}$
+compared to well below $10^{-15}$ under quiet conditions. In a system with 400
+optical links this accumulates to several transmission errors per second, which
+is not acceptable.
+
+The solution for this problem is found with a simple error detection and
+retransmission logic placed in the low-level physical layer of the network
+protocol (see figure~\ref{fig:retransmission} for the block diagram). All data
+sent is stored in a small ring-buffer. A checksum is calculated for each data
+packet (80 Bit) and sent along with the data. This checksum is encapsulated
+in a special comma character and thus allows the receiver to use it to
+synchronize to the data stream. Here, all packets are kept in a small Fifo and
+are only forwarded to the upper network layers if the data is found to be valid.
+
+If an error is detected, the receiver asks for a retransmission of the data
+starting with the invalid packet and discards all received data until the
+request is fulfilled. Since this low-level mechanism is guaranteed to request
+retransmissions within less than 2 us, the buffer size in the
+sender can be kept small, suitable for implementation in nearly any programmable
+logic device.
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=.55\textwidth]{retransmission_block.png}
+\end{center}
+\caption{The Link Error Correction. Sent data is equipped with a checksum. If
+the received data does not match, a retransmission of the corrupted data is
+requested.}
+\label{fig:retransmission}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\subsection{Monitoring Tools}
+One of the central aspects for a successful operation of any complex system is
+the design of the monitoring tools. Here, two fundamental approaches are
+possible: First, one of the available software solutions can be used.
+The main advantage is the high number of pre-designed modules for different
+tasks facilitates the connectivity to the system to be monitored. On the other
+hand, turn-around times for changes in the user interface and implementation of
+new features are typically long due to the fact that dedicated experts are
+needed.
+
+The second approach utilizes self-designed libraries for all tasks.
+Since the tool set only contains necessary features, changes can be
+implemented easily by a broad range of not specialized programmers. Naturally,
+in the beginning all interfaces have to be programmed individually resulting in
+a long development time. Nevertheless, many of these tools already exist as
+they are needed during the development and debugging phase of the system. In
+HADES this is especially the case since all sub-systems of the DAQ employ the
+same slow-control interfaces and much effort was put in a C-library giving full
+access to all front-ends.
+
+For the HADES monitoring system we use a hybrid approach as shown in
+figure~\ref{fig:monitoring}: The EPICS
+framework \cite{epics} is used for communication tasks with commercial
+components while the interpretation and visualization of data are handled by
+custom scripts. This combines the advantages of both worlds: easy to handle,
+individual programs, high flexibility and vendor supplied I/O modules.
+All information generated by these scripts is stored in a RAM-based file system
+and updated at various rates: Event rates, for instance, are retrieved from
+the DAQ system with up to 100 Hz while the monitoring screens are updated
+every 0.5 seconds to 10 minutes.
+
+A further aspect of the design is platform independence: The
+monitoring should be useable on any computer, including mobile devices,
+and not only on dedicated servers running a defined set of software packages.
+Hence, all visualization is based on one of the most abundant platforms: HTML
+and JavaScript that can be displayed platform independently in any modern web
+browser. The use of a web server as intermediate layer also allows for good
+scalability with respect to the number of users without influence on the DAQ
+system.
+
+All monitoring information is further summarized in one central screen
+(``Tactical Overview'') that shows the current status of each monitored value
+using an easy to read color code. It includes detailed description of the
+values shown and error handling procedures as well. This condensed information
+proofed to be very useful because even inexperienced operators can detect and
+correct the most common error situations easily.
+
+\begin{figure}
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{monitoring.png}
+\end{center}
+\caption{The HADES monitoring framework. A set of monitoring tasks collect
+data from various sources and generate the graphical representation of data. The
+resulting information is distributed to all users using a web server and
+displayed in a web browser on the client side.}
+\label{fig:monitoring}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Synergies and Further Developments}
+Based on the experience with the HADES DAQ, a new, multi-purpose hardware platform
+(TRB3 - the successor of TRB2 used in HADES) has been developed. This platform
+already is in use in various experimental set-ups such as detector tests of the
+future FAIR experiments CBM and PANDA. The system is based on a FPGA-platform
+with five large Lattice ECP3 FPGAs and connectors for AddOns. These AddOns can
+carry all detector dependent electronics ranging from basic adaptor boards to
+many-channel ADC boards or additional optical links. More details on this
+approach can be found in~\cite{TRB3}.
+
+The effort put into a versatile implementation in all parts of the system
+proved to be very useful. New users of the framework were able to use the
+new FEE-hardware and read-out system in their own detector tests after a short
+preparation time of few months only.
+
+
+\section{Conclusion}
+The upgrade of the data acquisition system of the HADES detector during the
+recent years has been finished with a succesful experimental run in April 2012.
+Compared to older experiments, the system showed a highly improved performance,
+recording ten times more data and events than in any other run. The uniform
+network protocol gives the possibility to operate the DAQ system for all
+detectors with a common software interface and enables easy maintenance.
+
+Even though operating in a harsh environment with respect to electromagnetic
+noise and radiation, the sytem showed a stable operation. Single failing
+components were detected and excluded from data taking automatically.
+Re-starting the failed boards could be accomplished within less than one minute
+typically and short interruption of the rest of the system. The monitoring
+framework was able to display all error conditions in a comprehensive way by
+inexperienced operators with few interventions of DAQ experts.
+
+Besides the successful HADES experiment, the developed electronics, network
+procotol and slow-control framework are now in use in various experiments and
+planned to be used in many more.
+
+
+\acknowledgments
+This work was supported by EU FP6 (contract number 515876), the BMBF (grant
+06FY9100I), the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research and the Hessian
+LOEWE initiative through the Helmholtz International Center for FAIR (HIC for
+FAIR).
+
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{9}
+\bibitem{nim}
+ G.~Agakishiev et al.,
+ \emph{The high-acceptance di-electron spectrometer HADES},
+ Eur.\ Phys.\ J.\ A, vol. 41, pp. 243, Aug. 2009.
+\href{http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.3478}{\texttt{nucl-ex/arXiv:0902.3478}}.
+ %%CITATION = EPHJA,A41,243;%%
+
+\bibitem{ieeert}
+J. Michel et al.,
+\emph{The HADES DAQ system: trigger and readout board network},
+IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., Issue 99,
+\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2011.2141150}{\texttt{%
+doi:10.1109/TNS.2011.2141150}}.
+
+J. Michel et al., \emph{The upgraded HADES trigger and data acquisition system},
+Proceeding of Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 2011,
+Vienna, Austria, 2011.
+
+
+\bibitem{epics}
+\emph{Experimental Physics and Industrial Control
+System}, \href{http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics}{\texttt{www.aps.anl.gov/epics}}.
+
+\bibitem{TRB3}
+C. Ugur et al., \emph{Field Programmable Gate Array Based Data Digitisation with
+Commercial Elements}, Proceeding of Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle
+Physics 2012, Oxford, UK, 2012.
+
+
+
+
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+\end{document}
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