--- /dev/null
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Name: cbm_notes.cls %
+% %
+% Purpose: Set LaTeX parameters For preprint/Notes %
+% %
+% Rewrite of CERN preprint class For CBM/FAIR %
+% %
+% %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\def\fileversion{1.06}
+\def\filedate{8 July 2010}
+\def\docdate{8 July 2010}
+\typeout{Document Style 'cbm_notes'. Version <\fileversion>, <\filedate>}
+% -------------------------------- identification ---------------------------
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesClass{cbm_notes}[2018/03/10]
+% --------------------------- declaration of options --
+% Define experiment logo for first page
+\providecommand*\EXPLOGO{nonelogo}
+\providecommand*\FAIREXP{no}
+\providecommand*\COLLABORATION{unnamed}
+\providecommand*\MANYAUTHORS{no}
+\providecommand*\CLEARPAGE{no}
+\DeclareOption{nocleardouble}{\renewcommand\CLEARPAGE{yes}}
+\DeclareOption{manyauthors}{\renewcommand\MANYAUTHORS{yes}}
+\DeclareOption{CBM}{\renewcommand{\EXPLOGO}{cbmlogo}%
+ \renewcommand\FAIREXP{yes}\renewcommand\COLLABORATION{CBM}}
+\DeclareOption{FAIR}{\renewcommand{\EXPLOGO}{fairlogo}}
+
+\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
+\ProcessOptions
+% \LoadClass[11pt,a4paper,twoside]{article}
+\LoadClass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
+\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm}
+\usepackage{mathptmx}
+
+\RequirePackage{graphicx,amsmath,amssymb,array,tabularx,url,xspace,subfigure}
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+
+\typeout{Document Class "cbm_notes" 1.00 (10. February 2018)}
+
+%% Defince collaboration is it cannot be inferred from option
+
+\providecommand\DEFCOL[1]{\renewcommand\COLLABORATION{#1}}
+
+%%% Customization of visible document elements
+
+\renewcommand\thesection {\@arabic\c@section}
+\renewcommand\thesubsection {\thesection.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+\renewcommand\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic\c@subsubsection}
+%\renewcommand\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic\c@paragraph}
+\renewcommand\baselinestretch{1.}
+\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
+\renewcommand{\listfigurename}{List of Figures}
+\renewcommand{\listtablename}{List of Tables}
+\renewcommand{\refname}{References}
+\renewcommand{\indexname}{Index}
+\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.}
+\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table}
+\renewcommand{\partname}{Part}
+\renewcommand{\appendixname}{Appendix}
+\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Abstract}
+
+% Short and long pages
+
+\newcommand{\longpage}[1][1]{\enlargethispage{#1\baselineskip}}
+\newcommand{\shortpage}[1][1]{\enlargethispage{-#1\baselineskip}}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * Lists *
+% ****************************************
+%
+% Zero the vertical spacing parameters
+\def\Nospacing{\itemsep=2pt\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parskip=0pt\parsep=0pt}
+% Redefine the environments in terms of the original values
+\newenvironment{Itemize}{\vspace*{-1mm}\itemize\Nospacing}%
+ {\endlist\vspace*{-1mm}}
+\newenvironment{Enumerate}{\vspace*{-1mm}\enumerate\Nospacing}
+ {\endlist\vspace*{-1mm}}
+\newenvironment{Description}{\vspace*{-1mm}\description\Nospacing}
+ {\endlist\vspace*{-1mm}}
+\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\textendash}
+\renewcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\textendash}
+\renewcommand\labelitemiii{\textasteriskcentered}
+\renewcommand\labelitemiv{\textperiodcentered}
+
+% ****************************************
+% * PAGE LAYOUT *
+% ****************************************
+%
+% All margin dimensions measured from a point one inch from top and side
+% of page.
+
+% SIDE MARGINS:
+
+\textheight 24cm % Height of text (including footnotes and figures,
+ % excluding running head and foot).
+\textwidth 16cm % Width of text line.
+\topmargin -28pt % offset of top header from voffset (1 inch)
+\headheight 13.6pt
+
+% SIDE MARGINS: %%%% A4 : pagewidth=160mm
+\if@twoside % Values for two-sided printing:
+ %%% margins : inner = 30 mm = 86 pt
+ %%% outer = 20 mm = 56 pt
+ %%% \odd/evensidemargin are with respect to hoffset -->
+ \oddsidemargin 14pt % Left margin on odd-numbered pages.
+ \evensidemargin -14pt % Left margin on even-numbered pages.
+\else % Values for one-sided printing:
+ \oddsidemargin 0pt % Note that \oddsidemargin = \evensidemargin
+ \evensidemargin 0pt
+\fi
+
+%%% Captions
+
+\setlength\abovecaptionskip{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt} % default is for caption at bottom.
+ % use topcapt.sty: \topcaption for cap at top
+\setlength\belowcaptionskip{4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+ \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+ \sbox\@tempboxa{{\small\textbf{#1:} #2}}%
+ \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+ {\small\textbf{#1:} #2}\par
+ \else
+ \global \@minipagefalse
+ \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+ \fi
+ \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+
+%%% make footnote robust (if it appears in argument of, e.g., \section)
+\let\oldfootnote\footnote
+\def\footnote{\protect\oldfootnote}
+\RequirePackage{ifthen}
+
+%%% Set up headings for section commands %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection
+{section}%
+{1}%
+{\z@}%
+{-2.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% Was: {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+{0.3ex \@plus.2ex}% Was: {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}
+{\large\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}}% Was: \normalfont ...
+
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection
+{subsection}%
+{2}%
+{\z@}%
+{-1.0ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% Was: {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+{0.05ex \@plus .2ex}% Was: {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+{\normalsize\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}}% Was: \normalfont ...
+
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection
+{subsubsection}%
+{3}%
+{\z@}%
+{-1.0ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% Was: {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}
+{0.05ex \@plus .2ex}% Was: {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+{\normalsize\itshape\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}}% Was: \normalfont ...
+
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection
+{paragraph}%
+{4}%
+{\z@}%
+{-1.0ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}% Was: {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}% Was:
+{-1em}% Was: If negative, means in-line. Space is then the indentation.
+{\normalsize\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}}% Was: \normalfont ...
+
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection
+{subparagraph}%
+{5}%
+{\parindent}%
+{-1.0ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+{-1em}%
+{\normalsize\itshape\bfseries\mathversion{bold}}}% Was: \normalfont ...
+
+%
+% ****************************************
+% * Appendix bookkeeping *
+% ****************************************
+%
+
+\renewcommand\appendix{\par
+ \setcounter{section}{0}%
+ \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
+ \setcounter{figure}{0}%
+ \setcounter{table}{0}%
+ \setcounter{equation}{0}%
+ \gdef\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}%
+ \gdef\thesubsection{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@subsection}
+ \gdef\theequation{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@equation}
+ \@addtoreset {equation}{section}%
+ \gdef\thetable{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@table}%
+ \@addtoreset {table}{section}%
+ \gdef\thefigure{\@Alph\c@section.\@arabic\c@figure}%
+ \@addtoreset {figure}{section}%
+}
+
+%
+% ************************************
+% * thebibliography environement *
+% ************************************
+%
+
+\setlength\bibindent{1.5em}
+\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
+ {\section*{\refname}%
+ \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
+ \leftmargin\labelwidth
+ \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
+ \@openbib@code
+ \usecounter{enumiv}%
+ \let\p@enumiv\@empty
+ \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
+ \Nospacing
+ \sloppy
+ \clubpenalty4000
+ \@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
+ \widowpenalty4000%
+ \sfcode`\.\@m}
+ {\def\@noitemerr
+ {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
+ \endlist}
+\renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em\@plus.33em\@minus.07em}
+\let\@openbib@code\@empty
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% title page %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%5
+\def\maketitle{% Dummy maketitle
+ \typeout{Dummy maketitle --- Use titlepage instead}}
+% Definition of environment "titlepage"
+\newcommand\EXPdate[1]{\def\@EXPdate{#1}}\EXPdate{\empty}
+\newcommand\EXPnumber[1]{\def\@EXPnumber{#1}}\EXPnumber{\empty}
+\newcommand\PHnumber[1]{\def\@PHnumber{#1}}\PHnumber{To be specified}
+\newcommand\PHdate[1]{\def\@PHdate{#1}}\PHdate{\today}
+\providecommand\FAIRCopyright{\parbox{\textwidth}{%
+ Copyright FAIR, for the benefit of the \COLLABORATION{} Collaboration.\\
+ This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commence
+ Attribution License (CC-BY-3.0), which permits any use provided the
+ original author(s) and source are credited.}}
+\def\titlepage{\begingroup\clearpage
+ \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+ \setcounter{footnote}{0}\setcounter{page}{1}\pagestyle{empty}}
+%
+% FAIR title -->
+% prints FAIR header
+% then logos, preprint number(s), date
+% at bottom of page: copyright notice
+%
+\renewcommand\title[1]{\setlength{\unitlength}{1mm}%
+\begin{picture}(0.001,0.001)%
+%\graphpaper(0,-280)(210,290)
+%\put(80,-15){\makebox(0,0){\LARGE\itshape Final draft version \today}}
+% \put(80,10){\makebox(0,0){\Large \sc Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment}}
+\put(78,10){\makebox(0,0){\Large \sc Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment}}
+%----
+% Experiment's logo (optional)
+% \put(0,-20){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\includegraphics[height=2cm]{\EXPLOGO}}}
+% \put(160,-20){\makebox(0,0)[rb]{\includegraphics[height=2cm]{fairlogo}}}
+\put(0,0){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\includegraphics[width=1.7cm]{\EXPLOGO}}}
+\put(160,3){\makebox(0,0)[rb]{\includegraphics[width=1.9cm]{fairlogo}}}
+% Experiment's preprint number (optional)
+\put(0,-20){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\normalsize\@EXPnumber}}
+% Experiment date of approval
+\put(0,-25){\makebox(0,0)[lb]{\normalsize\@EXPdate}}
+% PH Preprint number
+\put(160,-20){\makebox(0,0)[rb]{\normalsize\@PHnumber}}
+% PH Preprint date of approval
+\put(160,-25){\makebox(0,0)[rb]{\normalsize\@PHdate}}
+\end{picture}
+
+\vspace*{3cm}
+\begin{center}
+\mbox{}\\[25mm]
+\Large\bf#1\\[10mm]
+\end{center}
+\gdef\Title{#1}
+}%% end of title
+% Submitted{}
+\def\Submitted#1{\begin{center}\it#1\end{center}}
+% conference{}
+\def\Conference#1{\begin{center}\it#1\end{center}}
+% note{}
+\def\Note#1{\begin{center}\it#1\end{center}}
+% dedication{}
+\def\Dedication#1{\begin{center}\it#1\end{center}}
+
+% Author or collaboration
+
+\def\Collaboration#1{%% Treat the collaboration
+ \begin{center}#1\end{center}\@thanks
+ \gdef\Authors{\begingroup\let\tha<nks\@gobble\let\@thanks\@empty#1\endgroup}}
+
+\def\author#1{%% Treat the list of authors
+% \setcounter{footnote}{0}\def\@currentlabel{}%
+% \begingroup\def\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}
+% \def\@makefnmark{\hbox{$^{\rm\@thefnmark)}$}}
+ \global\@topnum\z@ \begin{center}{\lineskip.5em
+ \begin{tabular}[t]{c}#1\end{tabular}\par}
+ \end{center}\par\vskip1.5em\@thanks%\endgroup
+ \gdef\Authors{\begingroup\let\thanks\@gobble\let\@thanks\@empty#1\endgroup}}
+
+\newcommand\ShortAuthor[1]{\gdef\Authors{#1}}\gdef\Authors{\empty}
+\newcommand\ShortTitle[1]{\gdef\Title{#1}}\gdef\Title{\empty}
+
+\newenvironment{Authlist}{\center}{\endcenter}
+
+\renewenvironment{quotation}
+ {\list{}{\listparindent 0pt%
+ \itemindent \listparindent
+ \rightmargin \leftmargin
+ \parsep 1em\@plus\p@}%
+ \item\relax}
+ {\endlist}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Institute definitions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\@ifundefined{c@instfoot}{\newcounter{instfoot}}{}
+\def\Iref#1{$^{\Inst{#1})}$} \let\Instref=\Iref
+\def\Inst#1{\@ifundefined{r@#1}{{\bf ??}}%
+{\edef\@tempa{\@nameuse{r@#1}}\expandafter\@car\@tempa \@nil\null}}
+%
+%%AS If we found `Instfoot' inside `Authlist' env, we change the
+% formatting.
+%
+\def\Instfoot#1#2{\def\@temp{Authlist}%
+\ifx\@temp\@currenvir
+ \\ \emph{#2} \\[1em]%
+\else
+ \refstepcounter{instfoot}\label{#1}%
+ \xdef\@thefnmark{\arabic{instfoot}}\@footnotetext{#2}%
+\fi
+}
+
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Anotation definitions %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%%%%%\@ifundefined{c@anotfoot}{\newcounter{anotfoot}}{}
+%\@ifundefined{mathrm}{\newcommand{\mathrm}[1]{{\rm#1}}}{}
+\def\Aref#1{$^{\mathrm{#1})}$} \let\Anotref=\Aref
+\def\Anotfoot#1#2{\xdef\@thefnmark{#1}\@footnotetext{#2}}
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Anotation references %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\def\AAref#1#2{$^{\mathrm{#1,#2)}}$} \let\AnotAnotref=\AAref
+\def\IAref#1#2{$^{\Inst{#1},\mathrm{#2)}}$}\let\InstAnotref=\IAref
+\def\IIref#1#2{$^{\Inst{#1},\Inst{#2})}$} \let\InstInstref=\IIref
+\def\IIIref#1#2#3{$^{\Inst{#1},\Inst{#2},\Inst{#3})}$}
+\def\IIAref#1#2#3{$^{\Inst{#1},\Inst{#2},\mathrm{#3)}}$}
+%%%%%%%%%%%% Annospec environment %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\newenvironment{Annospec}[1]{% Give width for offset of text
+\vskip2mm\bgroup
+%\def\@makefnmark{\hbox{$^{\mathrm{\@thefnmark)}}$}}
+\long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent=\z@
+\begin{list}{}%
+ {\labelwidth=#1\leftmargin\labelwidth% set global width
+ \labelsep3pt% horizontal separation between term and item
+ \itemsep0pt% vertical separation between two items
+ \parsep0pt% vertical separation two paragraphs in an item
+ \topsep0pt% vertical separation text/list
+ \footnotesize}
+ \item [\hfill $^{\mathrm{\@thefnmark)}}$] ##1\end{list}}}% ***** end of makefntext
+{\egroup}% ***** end of environment{Annospec} *****
+
+\def\Deceased{\textsuperscript{,*}}
+\ifthenelse{\equal{\MANYAUTHORS}{yes}}{% Commands for long author lists
+ \gdef\Adef#1{\label{LA#1}}
+ \gdef\Aref#1{\textsuperscript{,\ref{LA#1}}}
+ \gdef\Arefs#1{\textsuperscript{\ref{LA#1}}} %% \Aref short (without comma)
+ \gdef\Idef#1{\label{LI#1}\gdef\INTlatex{#1}}
+ \gdef\Irefn#1{\textsuperscript{\ref{LI#1}}}
+ \gdef\Irefnn#1#2{\textsuperscript{\ref{LI#1},\ref{LI#2}}}
+ \gdef\Idefs#1{\label{LI\INTlatex#1}\textsuperscript{(#1)}}
+ \gdef\Irefs#1#2{\textsuperscript{\ref{LI#1#2}#2}}
+ \gdef\Irefss#1#2#3#4{\textsuperscript{\ref{LI#1#2}#2,\ref{LI#3#4}#4}}
+ \gdef\And{, }
+ \gdef\NNospacing{\labelsep=0pt\itemsep=0pt\topsep=0pt\partopsep=0pt\parskip=0pt\parsep=0pt}
+ \renewenvironment{Authlist}{\vspace*{-1.5ex}\enumerate\NNospacing}
+ {\endlist\vspace*{-1.5ex}}
+}{}
+
+% End of titlepage
+\def\endtitlepage{%% Reset counters
+\setcounter{footnote}{0}\let\titlepage\relax\vfill
+\ifthenelse{\equal{\CLEARPAGE}{yes}}{% Commands for long author lists
+\clearpage\setcounter{page}{2}}{\cleardoublepage\setcounter{page}{3}}%
+\pagestyle{plain}\pagenumbering{arabic}%
+\gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\thanks\relax\endgroup}
+
+% Local stuff
+
+\newcommand{\bra}[1]{\left\langle #1\right|} % <bra|
+\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\left| #1\right\rangle} % |ket>
+\newcommand{\braket}[2]{\left\langle#1 | #2\right\rangle} % <bra|ket>
+
+% Figure placement
+
+\setcounter{topnumber}{5}
+\setcounter{totalnumber}{6}
+\renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.99}
+\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.99}
+\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{0.99}
+\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.15}
+
+\setlength{\intextsep}{10pt plus 2pt minus 4pt} % Space between in-text figures and text.
+\setlength{\floatsep}{10pt plus 2pt minus 4pt} % Space between adjacent floats moved to top or bottom of text page.
+\setlength{\textfloatsep}{10pt plus 2pt minus 4pt}% Space between main text and floats at top or bottom of page.
+\setlength{\dblfloatsep}{10pt plus 2pt minus 4pt} % Same for double column
+\setlength{\dbltextfloatsep}{10pt plus 2pt minus 4pt}
+
+\parskip.5\baselineskip
+\parindent0mm
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Equations %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\allowdisplaybreaks
+
+% page headers
+
+\usepackage[fit]{truncate}
+\usepackage{fancyhdr}
+\pagestyle{fancy}
+\fancyhf{}
+\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\thepage}
+%\fancyhead[RE]{\small\leftmark}
+%\fancyhead[LO]{\small\rightmark}
+\fancyhead[RE]{\truncate{.85\headwidth}{\Title}}
+\fancyhead[LO]{\truncate{.85\headwidth}{\Authors}}
+
+
+\def\@alph#1{%
+ \ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or
+ l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or
+ y\or z%
+ \or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or
+ ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or
+ av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az%
+ \or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or
+ bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or
+ bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz%
+ \or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or
+ ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or
+ cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz%
+ \or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or
+ dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or
+ dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz%
+ \or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or
+ ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or
+ ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez%
+ \or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or
+ fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or
+ fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz%
+ \or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or
+ gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or
+ gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz%
+ \else\@ctrerr\fi}
+
+
+
+\endinput
+
+%% \CharacterTable
+%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
+%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
+%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
+%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
+%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
+%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
+%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
+%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
+%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
+%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
+%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
+%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
+%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
+%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
--- /dev/null
+%%% Insert here the text body, replacing the dummy content.
+\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}
+
+% \section{Introduction}
+
+
+
+\section{Studied Experimental Cases}
+The load on individual areas of the detector varies significantly depending on
+the experimental setup. The three major factors are the collision system, the beam
+energy and the magnetic field applied.
+
+We did a study based on simulated events for 4 different cases:
+
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c}
+ \textbf{Case} &\textbf{System} &\textbf{Energy} &\textbf{Magnetic Field} &\textbf{Interaction
+Rate} &\textbf{Interaction Probability} \\
+\hline
+1 & p + Au & 25 GeV & 100\% & 10 MHz & not important\\
+2a & Au + Au & 10 GeV/u & 100\% & 100 kHz & 1\%\\
+2b & Au + Au & 10 GeV/u & 50\% & 100 kHz & 1\%\\
+3 & Au + Au & 4 GeV/u & 50\% & 100 kHz & 1\%
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{The four experimental cases studied}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+For experiments using a gold ion beam, the interaction probability has to be defined, as the main
+data load on the most critical sensors is not set by the number of interactions but by the number
+of delta-electrons generated by the beam ions traversing the target.
+Experimental case 2b using a high energy beam and reduced magnetic field might not be used in reality,
+but this case can be understood as a worst case scenario as is shown below.
+
+For this study we can rely on the average number of minimum bias interactions, not taking into
+account fluctuations in beam intensity, centrality of collisions and statistical fluctuations for both
+interactions per time interval and hit rate per area. These are accounted for in the sensor design
+by both a fast internal data bus and a on-chip buffer memory to smooth out any fluctuations over
+several hundred microseconds.
+
+\section{MVD Set-ups}
+The typical set-up of the MVD consists of four stations located between 5 and 20 cm downstream the target.
+Each station consists of two half-stations that can be moved sideways to a safe position during beam tuning.
+Each half-station consists of two quadrants and is equipped with sensors from both sides (front and back).
+
+The increasing distance from the target of the stations asks for different size of the
+stations. The original design contains four different station sizes (``Types'') as shown in figure \ref{fig:stations}.
+Their respective number of sensors is listed in table \ref{tab:sensorcount}.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Sensors/Quadrant}} &\textbf{Sensors}\\
+ \textbf{Type} & $\quad$\textbf{front}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{back}$\quad$ & \textbf{total}\\
+ \hline
+ 0 & 1 & 1 & 8 \\
+ 1 & 4 & 4 & 32\\
+ 2 & 9 & 6 & 60\\
+ 3 & 16 & 12 & 112\\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{The four types of detector stations and their respective count of sensors.}
+\label{tab:sensorcount}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+Meanwhile, there are two planned set-ups of the MVD defined, driven by physics cases:
+One dedicated for best vertex resolution (``Vertexing
+Geometry'') and one for improved tracking performance with larger acceptance (``Tracking
+Geometry'').
+
+The Vertexing geometry consists of one station of each type located at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm
+downstream from the target. To ease construction, the type 2 station is replaced by
+a type 3 station if constraints on hit rate and number of data links permit to do so.
+
+The Tracking geometry consists of two stations of type 1 and two stations of type 3 located at 8,
+12, 16 and 20 cm downstream.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|cc|cc}
+ & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Vertexing}} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{Tracking}}\\
+ \textbf{Station} & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Position} [cm] & \textbf{Type} & \textbf{Position} [cm]\\
+ \hline
+ 0 & 0 & 5 & 1 & 8\\
+ 1 & 1 & 10 & 1 & 12\\
+ 2 & 3 & 15 & 3 & 16\\
+ 3 & 3 & 20 & 3 & 20\\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{The two detector geometries and their respective setup consisting of four stations made up by three station types and positions.}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+\begin{figure}[t]
+ \begin{center}
+ \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/MVD_separated_full_station_acceptance_2.jpg}
+\end{center}
+\caption{The four different station types that cover the full acceptance at different distances to the target.}
+\label{fig:stations}
+\end{figure}
+
+
+\section{Sensor Data Output}
+
+As we are not running a full simulation of sensor response and data conversion, we have to estimate
+the number of data words generated. Each MIMOSIS sensor with an size of approximately 1 by 3 $\rm{cm}^2$ has 520,129 pixels, organized in a 508 x 1024
+matrix. It is divided into 64 regions (508 x 16 pixel) that are further divided into 8
+double-columns with 508 x 2 pixels each. The whole matrix is read out at a 200 kHz frame rate.
+
+All data is encoded in 16 Bit wide words according to the following rules:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Each frame is started with a 8 word header and ended with a 2 word trailer. These contain frame numbers,
+ link word alignment markers, error flags and a checksum.
+ \item Each region has its own 1 word header containing the number of the region. It is skipped if the region contains no hits.
+ \item Each hit word contains a pixel address and the status of 4 adjacent pixels, but only within one double-column.
+ \item Due to the internal bus structure, data from each region must be aligned to 32 Bit boundaries,
+ hence an occasional blank word has to be accounted for if a region has an odd number of header and data words.
+\end{itemize}
+
+To calculate the total amount of data, we have to estimate the number of data words generated by
+one hit:
+
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item We assume that every hit fires pixels in a 2x2 pixel area (For delta-electrons this region is
+likely smaller, for heavier fragments much larger.
+\footnote{Clusters with up to 200 pixels have been observed in Mimosa-26 when hit by a heavy ion})
+
+ \item If the whole area falls into one double-column, it is encoded in one data word. If it
+crosses a boundary, two words are generated. Both cases are assumed to be equally likely, which ignores the
+probability of smaller clusters that always require only one word.\\
+ $\rightarrow\quad$On average, 1.5 data words are generated for each hit, not accounting for headers.
+
+ \item We assume an even distribution of hits across the sensor which is true in areas with low hit
+rate. In regions with high hit density this is not necessarily true (compare plots of delta-electron distribution),
+but here this assumption has no impact in high rate areas.\\
+ $\rightarrow\quad$When a sensor has few hits, each of them is in a separate region with its own header.
+ This is the worst case in terms of data rate at low occupancy.
+
+ \item Further, we assume a fake hit rate in the order of $10^{-5}$, i.e. 5 to 10 pixel per frame from each sensor.
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+In summary, this gives us the following amounts of words:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Each frame starts with a 10 word overhead for header and trailer.\\$\rightarrow\quad$ 10 words/frame
+ \item There are 10 fake hits, each encoded in one data word and a region header.\\
+ $\rightarrow\quad$ 20 words/frame
+ \item The first 54 real hits (64 regions minus those with a fake hit) need to have a region header
+plus 1.5 data words plus 0.5 blank words. \footnote{In rare cases (6\%), a hit will fire pixels across a region boundary and requires
+two region headers. This minor effect on the data rate will be ignored.}\\
+$\rightarrow\quad$ 3 words/hit
+ \item All subsequent hits generate 1.5 data words because headers have already been added for the first hit in each region. Blank words
+ can be ignored as it is equally likely to add or remove one.
+ \\$\rightarrow\quad$ 1.5 words/hit
+\end{itemize}
+Or in mathematical terms:
+$$N = \begin{cases} 30~\rm{words} + 3\frac{\rm{words}}{\rm{hit}} \cdot \rm{hits} & \rm{for~hits} <= 54 \\
+111~\rm{words} + 1.5\frac{\rm{words}}{\rm{hit}} \cdot \rm{hits}& \rm{for~hits} > 54 \end{cases}$$
+
+The sensors can operate with 2, 4 or 8 active links. Each runs at 320 MBit/s and can transport 100
+words for one frame of 5~$\upmu$s. This gives us the following hit rate limits:
+\begin{description}
+ \item [2 links:] 55 hits/frame
+ \item [4 links:] 190 hits/frame
+ \item [8 links:] 460 hits/frame
+\end{description}
+
+
+\section{Simulation Results}
+\begin{table}
+\setlength{\tabcolsep}{-0.25pt}
+ \begin{center}
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{lXX}
+ \textbf{\#} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Vertexing}} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\textbf{Tracking}} \\
+ \textbf{1} & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/pAu25Vx100new.png}
+ & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/pAu25Tr100new.png}
+ \\
+ \textbf{2a} & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu10Vx100new.png}
+ & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu10Tr100new.png}
+ \\
+ \textbf{2b} & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu10Vx50new.png}
+ & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu10Tr50new.png}
+ \\
+ \textbf{3} & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu4Vx50new.png}
+ & \includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{figures/AuAu4Tr50new.png}
+ \\
+
+\end{tabularx}
+\caption{Hit Rates per Sensor. Please note that only one half of the detector is shown. Due to symmetry
+under change of the polarity of the magnetic field, the other half has to be able to handle the same amounts of hits.}
+\label{tab:hitrates}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+The simulation results for the four experimental cases and the two detector setups are shown in
+table \ref{tab:hitrates}. The color code marks the sensors of different stations. While we have a
+very asymmetric hit distribution due to the large number of delta-electrons, the detector has to be
+built symmetrical in both halves (rotated by 180 degree, not mirrored) to account for the
+possibility to reverse the magnetic field. Due to that, only one half of the sensors is shown in
+the diagrams.
+
+For the 3 available station types, different experimental cases are the ones generating the largest
+occupancy at design interaction rate:
+\begin{description}
+ \item[Station Type 0:] Au+Au, 10 AGeV, 50\% field, Vertexing. The inner sensors have 250 hits/frame, the outer ones 130 hits/frame. \\
+ $\rightarrow$ 8 links are needed for the inner sensors, the outer could work with four.
+ \item[Station Type 1:] Au+Au, 10 AGeV, 50\% field, Tracking. The inner sensors have 30 to 110 hits/frame, the outer ones up to 20 hits/frame.\\
+ $\rightarrow$ 4 links are sufficient for all sensors, the outer sensors could work with two.
+ \item[Station Type 3:] Au+Au, 10 AGeV, 50\% field, Vertexing. All sensors are below 30 hits/frame. \\
+ $\rightarrow$ 2 links are sufficient for all sensors
+\end{description}
+
+
+
+
+\section{Possible Interaction Rates}
+The current MVD was designed with two key numbers for interaction rates: 100~kHz Au+Au and 10~MHz
+p+Au.
+
+The design of the internal Mimosis data buses was driven by the hit rate expected for the one
+most exposed sensor. The worst case was identified as Au+Au at 10 AGeV and 50\% magnetic field in
+the Vertexing setup. In all other cases the hit rates are drastically reduced and the reachable
+interaction rates can be above the design value of 100 kHz.
+
+In table \ref{tab:interactionrate} we try to summarize which interaction rates can be accepted based on the
+current simulations. The rates should be understood as minimum bias interaction rates averaged over
+a period of about 100~$\upmu$s. This interval is roughly the time the internal buffer of the sensors are
+able to store all data without loss as long as the internal data rate limits are not exceeded.
+Issues like tracking efficiency loss due to event pile-up within one frame is not taken into
+account.
+
+The table shows two interaction rates for all possible setups: The first is the nominal rate that
+can be achieved with a setup optimized for the design value of 100 kHz Au+Au interactions. The
+second one is the rate that can be achieved with slight modifications to the setup as discussed in
+the comments column.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{cc|c|c|X}
+ && \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{Interaction Rate}} & \\
+ \textbf{Setup} & \textbf{Case} & \textbf{standard} & \textbf{optimized} & \textbf{comment}\\
+ \hline
+ Vertexing & 1 & 20 MHz & --- & \\
+ & 2a & 250 kHz & (400 kHz) & with 30\% data loss in 2 most central sensors \\
+ & 2b & 150 kHz & (350 kHz) & with 40\% data loss in 2 most central sensors \\
+ & 3 & 300 kHz & (500 kHz) & with 20\% data loss in 2 most central sensors\\
+ \hline
+ Tracking & 1 & 30 MHz & --- & \\
+ & 2a & 400 kHz & 800 kHz & inner sensors with additional links \\
+ & 2b & 150 kHz & 400 kHz & inner sensors with additional links \\
+ & 3 & 1 MHz & 2 MHz & inner sensors with additional links\\
+\end{tabularx}
+\caption{Achievable interaction rates in all studied experimental cases and for both detector geometries.}
+\label{tab:interactionrate}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+In Vertexing Geometry, the limiting factor for heavy ion beam is in all cases the delta-electron load
+on two of the innermost sensors of the first station (type 0). Their read-out bandwidth can not be increased
+without substantial changes to the sensor itself. If we decide to accept some data loss from these 2
+sensors, the interaction rate can be doubled, before more sensors hit their rate limit.
+
+In Tracking Geometry, the limiting factor are the innermost sensors of the first station (type 1).
+Here, the number of data output links can be increased from 4 to 8 to gain a factor of two in event
+rate. The high rates affect 6 sensors, but due to symmetry under magnetic field reversal this
+number increases to 12. An additional point is that this station is used twice in the Tracking
+geometry and the additional links are not needed in the second station. This can be achieved using the same cable and front-end board hardware
+with an appropriate connection scheme and leaving some links unconnected. The latter is named ``Type 1b''
+below. The feasibility of this needs to be investigated.
+
+
+\section{Data Link Counts}
+Each GBTx chip is able to transport data from 10 sensor links. The total number of chips required
+is slightly higher than the theoretical value because sensors from both sides of the detector are
+read out through independent front-end boards and it is not foreseen to route links between the
+sides of a detector station.
+
+The number of data links in each detector geometry, based on nominal interaction rates is summarized in
+the table \ref{tab:linknormal}. The total amount of GBTx chips required are 76 or 84, depnding on
+the detector geometry.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c}
+ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Sensors with ... links}}& \textbf{Total} &\\
+ & $\quad$\textbf{2}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{4}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{8}$\quad$ & \textbf{Links} & \textbf{GBTx}\\
+ \hline
+ \textbf{Type 0} & 0 & 0 & 8 & 64 & 8\\
+ \textbf{Type 1} & 0 & 32 & 0 & 128 & 16\\
+ \textbf{Type 3} & 112 & 0 & 0 & 224 & 26\\
+ \hline\hline
+ &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Types}}&&\\
+ \textbf{Vertexing} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{0 + 1 + 3 + 3} & 640 & 76 \\
+ \textbf{Tracking} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{1 + 1 + 3 + 3} & 704 & 84 \\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Number of links per station and number of links for each geometry.}
+\label{tab:linknormal}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+If the total power consumption and amount of data links is a concern, the outermost sensors of each station could be run with
+less links than the inner ones as shown in table \ref{tab:linklow}. This allows for a slight reduction only because all sensors of station type 3 are already at
+the lower limit of possible configurations using only 2 links each.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c}
+ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Sensors with ... links}}& \textbf{Total} &\\
+ & $\quad$\textbf{2}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{4}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{8}$\quad$ & \textbf{Links} & \textbf{GBTx}\\
+ \hline
+ \textbf{Type 0} & 0 & 4 & 4 & 48 & 6\\
+ \textbf{Type 1} & 16 & 16 & 0 & 96 & 12\\
+ \textbf{Type 3} & 112 & 0 & 0 & 224 & 26\\
+ \hline\hline
+ &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Types}}&&\\
+ \textbf{Vertexing} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{0 + 1 + 3 + 3} & 592 & 70 \\
+ \textbf{Tracking} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{1 + 1 + 3 + 3} & 640 & 76 \\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Optimized for total number of data links: Number of links per station and number of links for each geometry.}
+\label{tab:linklow}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+
+If the detector is to support the ``optimized'' interaction rates, the number of links has to be
+increased slightly as shown in table \ref{tab:linkhigh}. As mentioned before, in this case it makes sense to consider using two different versions of
+station type 1 with different number of links. The total number of links required increases to 88
+and 96, respectively.
+
+\begin{table}[h]
+\begin{center}
+\begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c|c}
+ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Sensors with ... links}}& \textbf{Total} &\\
+ & $\quad$\textbf{2}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{4}$\quad$ & $\quad$\textbf{8}$\quad$ & \textbf{Links} & \textbf{GBTx}\\
+ \hline
+ \textbf{Type 0} & 0 & 0 & 8 & 64 & 8\\
+ \textbf{Type 1a} & 0 & 20 & 12 & 172 & 20\\
+ \textbf{Type 1b} & 0 & 32 & 0 & 128 & 16\\
+ \textbf{Type 3} & 92 & 20 & 0 & 264 & 30\\
+ \hline\hline
+ &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{Types}}&&\\
+ \textbf{Vertexing} &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{0 + 1a + 3 + 3} & 766 & 88 \\
+ \textbf{Tracking} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{1a + 1b + 3 + 3} & 828 & 96 \\
+\end{tabular}
+\caption{Optimized for increased event rate: Number of links per station and number of links for each geometry.}
+\label{tab:linkhigh}
+\end{center}
+\end{table}
+
+
+\section{Possible Improvements}
+Due to the large asymmetry of hits caused by delta-electrons, the total number of links that are
+required increases quite drastically in the affected regions. In case the polarity of the magnetic
+field is fixed, we can build the detector with about 20\% less links as only one side of the
+detector will be hit by delta-electrons.
+
+The outer sensors in the last stations receive only a tiny amount of hits. It might be possible to
+revise the sensor design to be able to run with only one active link to reduce the power
+dissipation of the detector station and the total number of data links required. One links is able
+to transport up to 20 hits/frame.
+
+The third station is planned to be equipped with a station type 3, while the (dropped) type 2 would
+suffice to cover the whole acceptance of CBM. It should be discussed if the outer sensors can be
+disabled to save on power and data rate. This results in about 100 links less and 30\% less power
+consumption.
+
+If a station of type 1a is built, it should be considered to replace the type 0 station with a type 1a
+with the outer sensors disabled. This would save yet another different station setup for a total of only
+two different station types.
+
+%
+% \section{Conclusion}
+%
+% Looks like we didn't mess it up completely although we designed the sensor without proper
+% simulations.
+
+% \cite{Ablyazimov:2017guv}
+
+
+% \begin{thebibliography}{1}
+%
+% \bibitem{Ablyazimov:2017guv}
+% T.~Ablyazimov et~al., \emph{{Challenges in QCD matter physics --The scientific
+% programme of the Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at FAIR}}, Eur. Phys.
+% J. \textbf{A53} (2017), no.~3, 60.
+%
+% \end{thebibliography}
+
+
+
jspc29 / mvd_docu.git / commitdiff
